316L ingxenye yamakhemikhali ye-capillary coil yensimbi engagqwali yeshubhu

Inhloso yalo msebenzi ukuthuthukisa inqubo yokucubungula i-laser enembayo ephezulu nezindleko zenqubo enqunywe kusengaphambili.Lo msebenzi uhlanganisa ukuhlaziya usayizi kanye namamodeli wokubikezela izindleko zokwenziwa kwelaser kwangaphakathi Nd:YVO4 microchannels ku-PMMA kanye nokucutshungulwa kwe-laser yangaphakathi ye-polycarbonate ukuze kwenziwe amadivayisi amancane kakhulu.Ukuze kuzuzwe lezi zinhloso zephrojekthi, i-ANN ne-DoE baqhathanisa usayizi nezindleko zamasistimu e-laser e-CO2 kanye ne-Nd:YVO4.Ukuqaliswa okuphelele kokulawulwa kwempendulo ngokunemba kwe-submicron yokuma komugqa ngempendulo evela kusifaki khodi kuyasetshenziswa.Ikakhulukazi, i-automation yemisebe ye-laser kanye nokuma kwesampula kulawulwa yi-FPGA.Ulwazi olujulile lwezinqubo zokusebenza zesistimu ye-Nd:YVO4 nesofthiwe ivumele iyunithi yokulawula ukuthi ithathelwe indawo Isilawuli Esizenzakalelayo Se-Compact-Rio Programmable Automation Controller (PAC), esifezwe esinyathelweni se-High Resolution Feedback 3D Positioning se-LabVIEW Code Control Submicron Encoders. .Ukuzenzakalela okuphelele kwale nqubo kukhodi ye-LabVIEW kuyathuthukiswa.Umsebenzi wamanje nowesikhathi esizayo uhlanganisa izilinganiso zokunemba kobukhulu, ukunemba nokukhiqizwa kabusha kwezinhlelo zokuklama, kanye nokwenza kahle okuhlobene kwe-microchannel geometry yokwenziwa kwedivayisi ye-microfluidic kanye nelabhorethri ku-chip yokusetshenziswa kwamakhemikhali/ukuhlaziya kanye nesayensi yokuhlukanisa.

316 L Abahlinzeki bamashubhu ahlanganisiwe ensimbi engagqwali

I-Stainless Steel Coil Tubing iyishubhu yensimbi ende kakhulu evamise ukuba ngamasentimitha angu-1 - 3.25 ububanzi ehlinzekwa ngokuxutshwa ku-reel enkulu ezimbonini zikawoyela negesi.Isetshenziselwa ukulamula emthonjeni kawoyela negesi futhi ngezinye izikhathi njengamashubhu okukhiqiza emithonjeni yegesi ephelile.

Okufana ne-wireliningSS 316 Seamless Coiled Tubing kuvame ukusetshenziselwa ukwenza imisebenzi.Inzuzo enkulu ngaphezu kwezintambo zocingo amandla okumpompa amakhemikhali ngekhoyili kanye nekhono lokuyiphushela emgodini kunokuthembela kumandla adonsela phansi.I-Stainless Steel Coil Tubing Heat Exchanger ilungele ukusetshenziswa njengezifudumezi zamayunithi, ukushisisa komoya obhayela, ukujiya nokupholisa kanye nomfutho ophezulu, ukushisa komoya nokomisa.Ezinye zezici ze-coil tubing heat exchangers ukuguquguquka, ukwehla kwengcindezi ephansi, ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu.

I-304 Stainless Steel Coil tube nayo isetshenziselwa uhlobo olushibhile lomsebenzi ekusebenzeni.Isetshenziselwa ukugaya imigodi evulekile kanye nemisebenzi yokumba.Izinsimbi zamashubhu ezigoqiwe zinamandla asukela ku-55,000psi -120,000psi ngakho-ke zingasetshenziswa futhi ukuphula indawo yokugcina amanzi, inqubo lapho uketshezi lucindezelwa ezinkulungwaneni zama-psi endaweni ethile emthonjeni ukuze kuqhekezwe idwala futhi livumele ukugeleza. ukugeleza komkhiqizo.Cishe noma yikuphi ukusebenza I-coil tubing ingasebenza ekusebenzeni kwemithombo kawoyela uma isetshenziswe kahle.Ishubhu ye-Welded Stainless Stainless Steel Coil inezici ezihlukile ezifana nezakhiwo zikagesi eziphakeme, ukwelashwa okushisa okuhle kakhulu, izakhiwo ezishisayo, njll. Inzuzo yokukhetha umkhiqizi we-Duplex Stainless Steel Pipe ukuthola amanani aphansi ngo-10% uma uqhathanisa nesitoko nomphakeli eMumbai kanye nezinto ezisezingeni eliphezulu. nesitifiketi sokuhlolwa kweMill.Inzuzo yokukhetha umkhiqizi we-5/16 Stainless Steel Tubing Coil ukuthola intengo ephansi ngo-10% uma uqhathanisa nomthengisi nomthengisi wase-Mumbai kanye nezinto ezisezingeni eliphezulu ezineSitifiketi sokuhlola seMill.

I-Stainless Steel Coil Tubing uhlu lwamanani lwakamuva

Ishadi lokucaciswa kweshubhu elihlanganisiwe elingenamthungo le-SS 316

I-PVC noma i-TPU ehlanganiswe i-SS 316 Seamless Coiled Tubing ilungele imigqa yokulawula, ama-umbilicals, nemigqa yomjovo wamakhemikhali.

Izicelo eziningi zezingxenye ze-semi-hard metal (SSM) ezibunjiwe zidinga izakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu zokusebenza.Izakhiwo ezivelele zemishini ezifana nokumelana nokugqokwa, amandla aphezulu nokuqina kuncike ezicini ze-microstructure ezidalwe usayizi wokusanhlamvu ocoleke kakhulu.Lo sayizi wokusanhlamvu ngokuvamile uncike ekuqhubekeleni phambili kwe-SSM.Kodwa-ke, ukulingisa kwe-SSM kuvame ukuqukatha i-porosity eyinsalela, eyingozi kakhulu ekusebenzeni.Kulo msebenzi, kuzocutshungulwa izinqubo ezibalulekile zokubumba izinsimbi ezingaqinile ukuze kutholwe izingxenye ezisezingeni eliphakeme.Lezi zingxenye kufanele zibe ne-porosity encishisiwe kanye nezici ze-microstructural ezithuthukisiwe, okuhlanganisa usayizi wokusanhlamvu ocoleke kakhulu kanye nokusabalalisa okufanayo kwe-precipitates eqinile kanye nokwakheka kwe-alloying microelement.Ikakhulukazi, kuzohlaziywa umthelela wendlela yokwelapha ngaphambi kwesikhathi sezinga lokushisa ekuthuthukisweni kwe-microstructure oyifunayo.Izakhiwo eziwumphumela wokuthuthuka kwesisindo, njengokwenyuka kwamandla, ubulukhuni nokuqina, zizophenywa.
Lo msebenzi uwucwaningo lokuguqulwa kwe-laser ebusweni bensimbi yensimbi ye-H13 kusetshenziswa imodi yokucubungula i-laser.Uhlelo lokuqala lokuhlola olwenziwayo lwaholela ohlelweni olunemininingwane eyengeziwe.Kusetshenziswa i-carbon dioxide (CO2) laser enobude begagasi obungu-10.6 µm.Ohlelweni lokuhlola locwaningo, amabala e-laser osayizi abathathu abahlukene asetshenzisiwe: 0.4, 0.2, kanye no-0.09 mm ububanzi.Amanye amapharamitha alawulekayo amandla e-laser peak, izinga lokuphindaphinda kweshayela kanye nokugqagqana kweshayela.I-Argon gas ekucindezelweni kwe-0.1 MPa isiza njalo ukucutshungulwa kwe-laser.Isampuli ye-H13 yaqiniswa futhi yafakwa amakhemikhali ngaphambi kokucubungula ukuze kwandiswe ukumuncwa kwendawo kubude begagasi be-laser be-CO2.Amasampula alashwe nge-laser alungiselelwa izifundo ze-metallographic futhi izakhiwo zawo ezingokomzimba nezomshini zaziwa.Izifundo ze-Metallographic nokuhlaziywa kokwakheka kwamakhemikhali kwenziwa kusetshenziswa i-electron microscopy yokuskena kuhlanganiswe ne-X-ray spectrometry ehlakaza amandla.I-Crystallinity kanye nokutholwa kwesigaba kwendawo eshintshiwe kwenziwa kusetshenziswa isistimu ye-XRD enemisebe ye-Cu Kα kanye ne-wavelength engu-1.54 Å.Iphrofayili engaphezulu ikalwa kusetshenziswa isistimu yephrofayili ye-stylus.Izakhiwo zobulukhuni bezindawo eziguquliwe zikalwe nge-Vickers diamond microindentation.Umthelela wokuqina kwengaphezulu ezindaweni zokukhathala zezindawo eziguquliwe wacwaningwa kusetshenziswa uhlelo lokukhathala okushisayo olwakhiwe ngokukhethekile.Kuye kwaqashelwa ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthola okusanhlamvu okungaphezulu okushintshiwe ngamasayizi we-ultrafine angaphansi kuka-500 nm.Ukujula kwendawo okuthuthukisiwe kububanzi obungu-35 ukuya ku-150 µm kutholwe kumasampula e-H13 alashwe nge-laser.I-crystallinity yendawo eguquliwe ye-H13 iyancipha kakhulu, ehlotshaniswa nokusabalalisa okungahleliwe kwama-crystallites ngemva kokwelashwa kwe-laser.Ubuncane obuncane obulungisiwe obumaphakathi obumangelengele be-H13 Ra bungu-1.9 µm.Okunye okutholakele okubalulekile ukuthi ubulukhuni bendawo ye-H13 eguquliwe busuka ku-728 kuya ku-905 HV0.1 kumasethingi e-laser ahlukene.Ubudlelwano phakathi kwemiphumela yokulingisa okushisayo (amazinga okushisa nawokupholisa) kanye nemiphumela yokuqina kwasungulwa ukuze kuqondwe kabanzi umphumela wamapharamitha we-laser.Le miphumela ibalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kwezindlela zokuqinisa ubuso ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukumelana nokugqoka kanye nezingubo zokuvikela ukushisa.
Izici zomthelela weParametric wamabhola ezemidlalo aqinile ukuze kuthuthukiswe ama-cores ajwayelekile we-GAA sliotar
Umgomo oyinhloko walolu cwaningo ukuveza ukuziphatha okuguquguqukayo kwe-sliotar core phezu komthelela.Izici ze-viscoelastic zebhola zenzelwe uhla lwesivinini somthelela.Ama-polymer spheres wesimanje azwela izinga lobunzima, kuyilapho ama-sphere endabuko enezingxenye eziningi ancike kuhlobo.Impendulo ye-viscoelastic engaqondile ichazwa ngamavelu amabili okuqina: ukuqina kokuqala nokuqina kwenqwaba.Amabhola endabuko aqinile izikhathi ezingu-2.5 kunamabhola esimanje, kuye ngesivinini.Izinga elisheshayo lokwenyuka kokuqina kwamabhola avamile liphumela ku-COR engalayini uma iqhathaniswa nesivinini uma kuqhathaniswa namabhola esimanje.Imiphumela yokuqina kwe-dynamic ibonisa ukusebenza okulinganiselwe kokuhlolwa kwe-quasi-static kanye nezibalo zethiyori yasentwasahlobo.Ukuhlaziywa kokuziphatha kwe-spherical deformation kukhombisa ukuthi ukugudluzwa kwesikhungo se-gravity kanye nokucindezelwa kwe-diametrical akuhambisani kuzo zonke izinhlobo zama-sphere.Ngokuhlolwa okubanzi kwe-prototyping, umphumela wezimo zokukhiqiza ekusebenzeni kwebhola uye waphenywa.Imingcele yokukhiqiza yezinga lokushisa, ingcindezi kanye nokwakheka kwezinto ezibonakalayo kuyahlukahluka ukuze kukhiqizwe uhla lwamabhola.Ukuqina kwe-polymer kuthinta ukuqina kodwa hhayi ukuchithwa kwamandla, ukwandisa ukuqina kwandisa ukuqina kwebhola.Izithasiselo ze-Nucleating zithinta ukusebenza kabusha kwebhola, ukwanda kwenani lezithasiselo kuholela ekwehleni kokusebenza kabusha kwebhola, kepha lo mphumela uzwela ebangeni le-polymer.Ukuhlaziywa kwezinombolo kwenziwe kusetshenziswa amamodeli amathathu ezibalo ukulingisa impendulo yebhola ukuze ibe nomthelela.Imodeli yokuqala ibonakale ikwazi ukukhiqiza kabusha ukuziphatha kwebhola ngezinga elilinganiselwe, nakuba ngaphambili yayisetshenziswe ngempumelelo kwezinye izinhlobo zamabhola.Imodeli yesibili ibonise ukumelwa okunengqondo kokuphendula kwebhola okwakuvame ukusetshenziswa kuzo zonke izinhlobo zebhola ezihloliwe, kodwa ukunemba kokubikezela impendulo yokususwa endaweni kwakungephezulu ngendlela okwakuzodingeka ngayo ukuze kusetshenziswe ngezinga elikhulu.Imodeli yesithathu ibonise ukunemba okungcono kakhulu lapho ilingisa ukuphendula kwebhola.Amanani wamandla akhiqizwe imodeli yale modeli angu-95% ahambisana nedatha yokuhlola.
Lo msebenzi ufeze izinjongo ezimbili ezibalulekile.Enye iwukuklama nokukhiqizwa kwe-capillary viscometer enezinga lokushisa eliphezulu, kanti eyesibili iwukulinganisa kokugeleza kwensimbi eqinile ukuze kusize ekuklameni nasekunikezeni idatha ngezinjongo zokuqhathanisa.I-capillary viscometer yokushisa ephezulu yakhiwe futhi yasetshenziselwa ukuhlolwa kokuqala.Idivayisi izosetshenziselwa ukukala i-viscosity ye-semi-hard metal ngaphansi kwezimo zamazinga okushisa aphezulu kanye namazinga okugunda afana nalawo asetshenziswa embonini.I-capillary viscometer iyisistimu yephuzu elilodwa elingakwazi ukubala i-viscosity ngokulinganisa ukugeleza nokwehla kwengcindezi ku-capillary, njengoba i-viscosity ilingana ngokuqondile nokwehla kwengcindezi futhi ilinganisa ngokuphambene nokugeleza.Imibandela yokuklama ihlanganisa izimfuneko zamazinga okushisa alawulwa kahle afika ku-800ºC, amazinga okucheba umjovo angaphezu kuka-10,000 s-1, namaphrofayili omjovo alawulwayo.Imodeli encike esikhathini yetiyori enezinhlangothi ezimbili yasungulwa kusetshenziswa isofthiwe ye-FLUENT ye-computational fluid dynamics (CFD).Lokhu kusetshenziselwe ukuhlola i-viscosity yezinsimbi ezingaqinile njengoba zidlula ku-capillary viscometer eklanyelwe ngesivinini sokujova esingu-0.075, 0.5 kanye ne-1 m/s.Umthelela wengxenyana yezinto eziqinile zensimbi (fs) ukusuka ku-0.25 ukuya ku-0.50 nazo zaphenywa.Okwezibalo ze-viscosity zomthetho wamandla ezisetshenziselwa ukuthuthukisa imodeli ye-Fluent, ukuhlobana okuqinile kuye kwaphawulwa phakathi kwalawa mapharamitha kanye ne-viscosity ewumphumela.
Leli phepha liphenya umthelela wamapharamitha wenqubo ekukhiqizweni kwezinhlanganisela ze-Al-SiC metal matrix (MMC) kunqubo yokuhlanganisa inqwaba.Imingcele yenqubo ehloliwe yayihlanganisa isivinini se-stirrer, isikhathi se-stirrer, i-stirrer geometry, indawo ye-stirrer, izinga lokushisa le-metallic liquid (viscosity).Ukulingiswa okubonakalayo kwenziwa kumazinga okushisa ekamelo (25±C), ukulingisa kwekhompyutha nokuhlolwa kokuqinisekisa ukukhiqizwa kwe-MMC Al-SiC.Ekufanisweni okubukwayo nekhompuyutha, amanzi kanye ne-glycerin/amanzi asetshenziselwa ukumela i-aluminium ewuketshezi ne-semi-solid, ngokulandelanayo.Imiphumela ye-viscosities ye-1, 300, 500, 800, kanye ne-1000 mPas kanye namazinga ashukumisayo we-50, 100, 150, 200, 250, kanye ne-300 rpm yaphenywa.Imiqulu eyi-10 ucezu ngalunye.% izinhlayiya ze-SiC eziqinisiwe, ezifana nalezo ezisetshenziswe ku-aluminium MMK, zisetshenziswe ekubukeni nasekuhloleni ukubala.Ukuhlolwa kwesithombe kwenziwa ngamabhokwe engilazi acacile.Ukulingisa kwekhompyutha kwenziwa kusetshenziswa i-Fluent (uhlelo lwe-CFD) kanye nephakheji ye-MixSim ekhethwayo.Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukulingisa okuncike kusikhathi kwe-axisymmetric multiphase ye-2D kwemizila yokukhiqiza kusetshenziswa imodeli ye-Eulerian (granular).Ukuncika kwesikhathi sokuhlakazeka kwezinhlayiyana, isikhathi sokumisa kanye nokuphakama kwe-vortex ku-geometry exutshwayo kanye nesivinini sokujikeleza kwe-stirrer sekusungulwe.Ku-stirrer esinama-°at paddles, i-engeli yokugwedla engu-60 degrees itholwe ifaneleka kangcono ukuthola ngokushesha ukuhlakazeka okufanayo kwezinhlayiya.Ngenxa yalezi zivivinyo, kutholakale ukuthi ukuze kutholwe ukusabalalisa okufanayo kwe-SiC, isivinini esishukumisayo sasiyi-150 rpm yesistimu yamanzi-SiC kanye ne-300 rpm yesistimu ye-glycerol / water-SiC.Kwatholakala ukuthi ukukhulisa i-viscosity isuka ku-1 mPa·s (yensimbi ewuketshezi) iye ku-300 mPa·s (yensimbi engaqinile) kube nomthelela omkhulu ekuhlakazweni nasekufakweni kwesikhathi se-SiC.Nokho, ukukhuphuka okwengeziwe kusuka ku-300 mPa·s kuya ku-1000 mPa·s kunomphumela omncane ngalesi sikhathi.Ingxenye ebalulekile yalo msebenzi yayihlanganisa ukuklama, ukwakhiwa kanye nokuqinisekiswa komshini wokuphonsa oqinile oqinile ozinikele wale ndlela yokwelapha yokushisa okuphezulu.Umshini uqukethe i-stirrer enama-blade amane ayisicaba nge-engeli engu-60 degrees kanye ne-crucible ekamelweni lomlilo elinokushisa okuphikisayo.Ukufakwa kufaka i-actuator ecisha ngokushesha ingxube ecutshunguliwe.Lo mshini usetshenziselwa ukukhiqizwa kwezinto ezihlanganisiwe ze-Al-SiC.Ngokuvamile, kutholwe ukuvumelana okuhle phakathi kokubona ngeso, ukubala kanye nemiphumela yokuhlola yokuhlola.
Kunezindlela eziningi ezahlukene ze- rapid prototyping (RP) ezenzelwe ukusetshenziswa ngezinga elikhulu ikakhulukazi kule minyaka eyishumi edlule.Izinhlelo ze-prototyping ezisheshayo ezitholakala ngokwentengiso namuhla zisebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obuhlukahlukene zisebenzisa iphepha, i-wax, ama-resin elapha ukukhanya, ama-polymer, nezimpushana zensimbi ezinoveli.Le phrojekthi yayihlanganisa indlela ye-prototyping esheshayo, i-Fused Deposition Modeling, eyaqala ukuthengiswa ngo-1991. Kulo msebenzi, inguqulo entsha yesistimu yokumodela ngokubeka phezulu usebenzisa i-wax yathuthukiswa futhi yasetshenziswa.Le phrojekthi ichaza ukwakheka okuyisisekelo kwesistimu kanye nendlela yokubeka i-wax.Imishini ye-FDM idala izingxenye ngokukhipha into encibilikisiwe kancane endaweni yesikhulumi ngephethini enqunywe kusengaphambili ngemibhobho eshisayo.I-extrusion nozzle ifakwe etafuleni le-XY elilawulwa uhlelo lwekhompyutha.Ngokuhambisana nokulawula okuzenzakalelayo komshini we-plunger kanye nesimo se-depositor, amamodeli anembile akhiqizwa.Izendlalelo ezilodwa ze-wax zipakishwa phezu kwesinye ukuze kwakhiwe izinto ze-2D neze-3D.Izakhiwo ze-wax nazo ziye zahlaziywa ukuze kuthuthukiswe inqubo yokukhiqiza yamamodeli.Lokhu kufaka phakathi izinga lokushisa lokushintsha kwesigaba se-wax, i-viscosity ye-wax, kanye nokuma kokwehla kwe-wax ngesikhathi sokucubungula.
Kule minyaka emihlanu edlule, amathimba ocwaningo eCity University Dublin Division Science Cluster athuthukise izinqubo ezimbili ze-laser micromachining ezingakha amashaneli namavokseli anesixazululo esiphindaphindekayo sesikali se-micron.Okugxilwe kulo msebenzi kusekusetshenzisweni kwezinto ezenziwe ngokwezifiso ukuhlukanisa ama-biomolecules okuhlosiwe.Umsebenzi wokuqala ubonisa ukuthi ama-morphology amasha okuxuba ama-capillary kanye namashaneli angaphezulu angadalwa ukuze kuthuthukiswe amandla okuhlukanisa.Lo msebenzi uzogxila ekusetshenzisweni kwamathuluzi e-micromachining atholakalayo ukuze adizayine amajiyometri angaphezulu namashaneli azohlinzeka ngokuhlukana okuthuthukisiwe kanye nokuhlukaniswa kwezinhlamvu zezinhlelo zebhayoloji.Ukusetshenziswa kwalezi zinhlelo kuzolandela indlela ye-lab-on-a-chip ngezinjongo zokuxilonga i-biodiagnostic.Amadivayisi enziwe kusetshenziswa lobu buchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe azosetshenziswa kulabhorethri ye-microfluidic yephrojekthi.Umgomo wephrojekthi ukusebenzisa idizayini yokuhlola, ukuthuthukiswa, kanye namasu okulingisa ukuze kuhlinzekwe ubuhlobo obuqondile phakathi kwemingcele yokucubungula i-laser nezici zesiteshi esincane ne-nanoscale, nokusebenzisa lolu lwazi ukuthuthukisa iziteshi zokuhlukanisa kulawa ma-microtechnologies.Imiphumela ethile yomsebenzi ihlanganisa: ukuklanywa kwesiteshi kanye ne-surface morphology ukuze kuthuthukiswe isayensi yokuhlukanisa;izigaba ze-monolithic zokupompa kanye nokukhishwa kuma-chips ahlanganisiwe;ukuhlukaniswa kwama-biomolecules okuhlosiwe akhethiwe nakhishiwe kuma-chip ahlanganisiwe.
Ukukhiqizwa nokulawulwa kwezinga lokushisa lesikhashana kanye namaphrofayili e-longitudinal kanye namakholomu e-capillary LC kusetshenziswa ama-Peltier arrays kanye ne-infrared thermography
Inkundla entsha yokuxhumana eqondile yokulawula izinga lokushisa okunembile kwamakholomu e-capillary iye yasungulwa ngokusekelwe ekusetshenzisweni kwamaseli e-Peltier e-thermoelectric alawulwa uchungechunge ngalunye.Isiteji sihlinzeka ngokulawula izinga lokushisa okusheshayo kwamakholomu e-capillary kanye ne-micro LC futhi ivumela ukuhlelwa ngesikhathi esisodwa kwamazinga okushisa esikhashana nawendawo.Isiteji sisebenza ebangeni lokushisa eliphakathi kuka-15 kuya ku-200 ° C ngezinga lerempu elicishe libe ngu-400 ° C/min ngayinye yamaseli e-Peltier angu-10 aqondanisiwe.Uhlelo luye lwahlolwa ukuze kutholwe izindlela zokulinganisa ezimbalwa ezingezona ezivamile ezisekelwe ku-capillary, njengokusetshenziswa okuqondile kwama-gradients okushisa anamaphrofayili aqondile nangenawo umugqa, okuhlanganisa ama-gradients okushisa ekholomu emile kanye nama-gradients okushisa esikhashana, ama-gradient alawulwayo okushisa anembile, i-polymerized capillary monolithic. izigaba ezimile, kanye nokwakhiwa kwezigaba ze-monolithic eziteshini ezincane ze-microfluidic (ku-chip).Ithuluzi lingasetshenziswa namasistimu ekhromatografi ajwayelekile nawekholomu.
I-Electrohydrodynamic igxile kudivayisi ye-microfluidic planar enezinhlangothi ezimbili ukuze kugxilwe ngaphambili kwabahlaziyi abancane.
Lo msebenzi uhlanganisa ukugxila kwe-electrohydrodynamic (EHDF) kanye nokudluliswa kwe-photon ukusiza ekuthuthukisweni kokunothisa kwangaphambili kanye nokuhlonza izinhlobo zezilwane.I-EHDF iyindlela yokugxila ebhalansiswe yi-ion esekelwe ekusunguleni ibhalansi phakathi kwamandla e-hydrodynamic namandla kagesi, lapho ama-ion of interest ahlala khona.Lolu cwaningo luveza indlela yenoveli kusetshenziswa i-2D evulekile ye-2D yesikhala esiyisicaba se-microfluidic device esikhundleni sesistimu ye-microchannel evamile.Imishini enjalo ingagxilisa inani elikhulu lezinto futhi kulula ukuyikhiqiza.Lolu cwaningo lunikeza imiphumela yokulingisa okusha okuthuthukisiwe kusetshenziswa i-COMSOL Multiphysics® 3.5a.Imiphumela yalawa mamodeli yaqhathaniswa nemiphumela yokuhlola ukuhlola amajiyometri okugeleza ahlonziwe kanye nezindawo zokugxilisa ingqondo okuphezulu.Imodeli ye-microfluidic ethuthukisiwe yezinombolo yaqhathaniswa nezivivinyo ezishicilelwe ngaphambilini futhi imiphumela yayivumelana kakhulu.Ngokusekelwe kulezi zifaniso, uhlobo olusha lomkhumbi lwacwaningwa ukuze lunikeze izimo ezikahle ze-EHDF.Imiphumela yokuhlola esebenzisa i-chip isebenze kahle kakhulu kunomsebenzi wemodeli.Kuma-chips enziwe nge-microfluidic, imodi entsha yabonwa, ebizwa ngokuthi i-lateral EGDP, lapho into engaphansi kocwaningo igxiliswe ngendlela ehambisana ne-voltage esetshenzisiwe.Ngoba ukutholwa nokuthwebula izithombe kuyizici ezibalulekile zezinhlelo ezinjalo zokucebisa kusengaphambili kanye nokuhlonza izinhlobo zezilwane.Amamodeli ezinombolo nokuqinisekiswa kokuhlolwa kokusakazeka kokukhanya nokusabalalisa kokuqina kokukhanya kumasistimu we-microfluidic anezinhlangothi ezimbili kuyethulwa.Imodeli yezinombolo ethuthukisiwe yokusakazeka kokukhanya yaqinisekiswa ngempumelelo ngokuhlolwa kokubili ngokwendlela yangempela yokukhanya ngesistimu nangokusabalaliswa kokuqina, okunikeze imiphumela engase ibe nentshisekelo yokuthuthukisa amasistimu e-photopolymerization, kanye namasistimu okubona amehlo. usebenzisa ama-capillaries..
Ngokuya ngejometri, ama-microstructures angasetshenziswa kwezokuxhumana, ama-microfluidics, ama-microsensors, ukugcinwa kwedatha, ukusika ingilazi, nokumaka okokuhlobisa.Kulo msebenzi, ubudlelwano phakathi kwezilungiselelo zamapharamitha wesistimu ye-laser ye-Nd:YVO4 kanye ne-CO2 kanye nosayizi nokuma kwezakhiwo ezincane kuye kwaphenywa.Imingcele ehloliwe yesistimu ye-laser ihlanganisa amandla P, izinga lokuphindaphinda kwe-PRF, inani lama-pulses N kanye nesilinganiso sokuskena U. Ubukhulu bokuphumayo obulinganisiwe buhlanganisa amadiamitha e-voxel alinganayo kanye nobubanzi be-microchannel, ukujula kanye nobulukhuni bendawo.Isistimu ye-micromachining ye-3D yathuthukiswa kusetshenziswa i-laser ye-Nd:YVO4 (2.5 W, 1.604 µm, 80 ns) ukuze kwenziwe ama-microstructures ngaphakathi kwezibonelo ze-polycarbonate.Ama-Voxels e-Microstructural anobubanzi obungu-48 kuya ku-181 µm.Uhlelo futhi luhlinzeka ngokugxila okunembayo ngokusebenzisa izinjongo zesibonakhulu ukuze kudalwe ama-voxels amancane kububanzi obungu-5 ukuya ku-10 µm kungilazi ye-soda-lime, i-silica ehlanganisiwe namasampuli esafire.Ilaser ye-CO2 (1.5 kW, 10.6 µm, ubude besilinganiso sokushaya kwenhliziyo obuncane obungu-26 µs) yasetshenziswa ukudala iziteshi ezincane kumasampuli engilazi ye-soda-lime.Ukuma kwezingxenye eziphambanayo zamashaneli amancane kwahlukahluka kakhulu phakathi kwama-v-grooves, u-grooves, kanye nezindawo zokususa ezingaphezulu.Osayizi bamashaneli amancane nabo bayahluka kakhulu: ukusuka ku-81 ukuya ku-365 µm ububanzi, ukusuka ku-3 ukuya ku-379 µm ukujula, kanye nama-roughness ukusuka ku-2 ukuya ku-13 µm, kuye ngokufaka.Osayizi be-Microchannel bahlolwe ngokuya ngemingcele yokucubungula i-laser kusetshenziswa indlela yokusabela kwendawo (RSM) kanye ne-design of experiments (DOE).Imiphumela eqoqiwe isetshenziselwe ukufunda umthelela wamapharamitha wenqubo kuzinga le-volumetric kanye ne-mass ablation.Ngaphezu kwalokho, imodeli yezibalo yenqubo eshisayo iye yasungulwa ukuze isize ukuqonda inqubo futhi ivumele i-topology yesiteshi ukuthi ibikezelwe ngaphambi kokwenziwa kwangempela.
Imboni ye-metrology ihlale ibheka izindlela ezintsha zokuhlola ngokunembayo nangokushesha kanye nokwenza isimo sendawo yedijithali sifakwe kwidijithali, okuhlanganisa ukubala imingcele yokuma komhlaba kanye nokudala amafu amaphuzu (amasethi amaphuzu anezinhlangothi ezintathu ezichaza indawo eyodwa noma ngaphezulu) yokumodela noma ukuhlehlisa ubunjiniyela.amasistimu akhona, futhi amasistimu okubona akhule ngokuduma kule minyaka eyishumi edlule, kodwa amaphrofayili amaningi okubona abiza ukuwathenga nokuyinakekela.Ngokuya ngohlobo lwesistimu, amaphrofayili abonakalayo nawo angaba nzima ukuwaklama futhi ubuthakathaka bawo bungase bungafaneleki izinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi zesitolo noma zasefekthri.Le phrojekthi ihlanganisa ukuthuthukiswa kwephrofayili esebenzisa imigomo ye-optical triangulation.Uhlelo oluthuthukisiwe lunendawo yetafula lokuskena engu-200 x 120 mm kanye nebanga lokulinganisa eliqondile elingu-5 mm.Ukuma kwenzwa ye-laser ngaphezu kwendawo okuhlosiwe nakho kungalungiseka ngo-15 mm.Uhlelo lokulawula lwenzelwe ukuskena okuzenzakalelayo kwezingxenye ezikhethiwe kanye nezindawo ezingaphezulu.Lolu hlelo olusha lubonakala ngokunemba kobukhulu.Iphutha elikhulu elilinganiselwe le-cosine lesistimu ngu-0.07°.Ukunemba kwe-dynamic kwesistimu kukalwa kokuthi 2 µm ku-axis engu-Z (ubude) futhi cishe ngu-10 µm kuma-eksisi X kanye no-Y.Isilinganiso sikasayizi phakathi kwezingxenye eziskeniwe (izinhlamvu zemali, izikulufu, amawasha namalensi efiber ayafa) sasisihle.Ukuhlolwa kwesistimu nakho kuzoxoxwa ngakho, okuhlanganisa imikhawulo yephrofayili kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwesistimu okungenzeka.
Inhloso yale phrojekthi ukuthuthukisa kanye nokubonisa uhlelo olusha lwe-inthanethi olunesivinini esiphezulu ukuze luhlolwe ukonakala kwendawo.Isistimu yokulawula isekelwe kumgomo we-optical triangulation futhi inikeza indlela yokungathinteki yokunquma iphrofayela ye-three-dimensional yezindawo ezihlukene.Izingxenye eziyinhloko zohlelo lokuthuthukisa zifaka i-laser diode, ikhamera ye-CCf15 CMOS, kanye nama-servo motors amabili alawulwa nge-PC.Ukunyakaza kwesampula, ukuthwebula isithombe, kanye nephrofayela yendawo ye-3D kuhlelwa kusofthiwe ye-LabView.Ukuhlola idatha ethwebuliwe kungenziwa lula ngokudala uhlelo lokunikezwa okubonakalayo kwendawo eskeniwe ye-3D nokubala amapharamitha adingekayo wokurhabaxa kwendawo.Ama-Servo motors asetshenziswa ukuhambisa isampula eziqondisweni ze-X kanye ne-Y ngokulungiswa okungu-0.05 µm.Iphrofayili yendawo engaxhunywanga eku-inthanethi ethuthukisiwe ingenza ukuskena okusheshayo nokuhlola indawo ephezulu.Uhlelo oluthuthukisiwe lusetshenziswa ngempumelelo ukwenza amaphrofayili obuso be-2D othomathikhi, amaphrofayili engaphezulu e-3D kanye nezilinganiso zokuqina kwendawo ebusweni besampula yezinto ezahlukahlukene.Imishini yokuhlola ezenzakalelayo inendawo yokuskena ye-XY engu-12 x 12 mm.Ukuze kubonakale futhi kulinganiswe isistimu yokuphrofayili ethuthukisiwe, iphrofayili engaphezulu elinganiswa isistimu yaqhathaniswa nendawo efanayo elinganiswa kusetshenziswa isibonakhulu esibonayo, isibonakhulu esibona phezulu, i-AFM ne-Mitutoyo Surftest-402.
Izidingo zekhwalithi yemikhiqizo nezinto ezisetshenziswa kuyo ziya ngokuya ziba nzima.Isixazululo sezinkinga eziningi ze-visual quality assurance (QA) ukusetshenziswa kwezinhlelo zokuhlola indawo ezisebenza ngesikhathi sangempela.Lokhu kudinga ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo ofanayo ekuphumeni okuphezulu.Ngakho-ke, amasistimu ayadingeka angu-100% akwazi ukuhlola izinto zokwakha kanye nezindawo ngesikhathi sangempela.Ukufeza lo mgomo, inhlanganisela yobuchwepheshe be-laser nobuchwepheshe bokulawula ikhompuyutha inikeza isisombululo esisebenzayo.Kulo msebenzi, uhlelo lokuskena nge-laser olunesivinini esikhulu, olungabizi kakhulu, futhi olunembayo oluphezulu olungaxhunywanga lwakhiwe.Uhlelo luyakwazi ukukala ukujiya kwezinto eziqinile ezikhanyayo kusetshenziswa isimiso se-laser optical triangulation.Uhlelo oluthuthukisiwe luqinisekisa ukunemba nokukhiqizwa kabusha kwezilinganiso ezingeni le-micrometer.
Inhloso yale phrojekthi ukuklama nokuthuthukisa uhlelo lokuhlola i-laser ukuze kutholwe ukonakala kwendawo kanye nokuhlola amandla ayo okusebenzisa isivinini esiphezulu se-inline.Izingxenye eziyinhloko zesistimu yokuthola imojuli ye-laser diode njengomthombo wokukhanya, ikhamera yokufinyelela engahleliwe ye-CMOS njengeyunithi yokutholwa, kanye nesigaba sokuhumusha se-XYZ.Ama-algorithms okuhlaziya idatha etholwe ngokuskena izindawo zesampula ezahlukahlukene athuthukisiwe.Isistimu yokulawula isekelwe kumgomo we-optical triangulation.I-laser beam yenzeke ngokugobile endaweni eyisampula.Umehluko wobude bendawo ube usuthathwa njengokunyakaza okuvundlile kwendawo ye-laser phezu kwendawo eyisampula.Lokhu kuvumela izilinganiso zobude ukuthi zithathwe kusetshenziswa indlela kanxantathu.Isistimu yokuthola ethuthukisiwe iqala ukulinganiswa ukuze kutholwe isici sokuguqula esizobonisa ubudlelwano phakathi kokugudluzwa kwephoyinti elilinganiswa inzwa kanye nokugudluzwa okuma mpo kwendawo engaphezulu.Ukuhlolwa kwenziwa ezindaweni ezihlukene zezinto zesampula: ithusi, i-aluminium nensimbi engagqwali.Uhlelo oluthuthukisiwe luyakwazi ukukhiqiza ngokunembile imephu yendawo ye-3D yeziphambeko ezenzeka ngesikhathi sokusebenza.Ukulungiswa kwendawo okungaba ngu-70 µm nokujula okungu-60 µm kufinyelelwe.Ukusebenza kwesistimu nakho kuqinisekiswa ngokulinganisa ukunemba kwamabanga alinganisiwe.
Amasistimu wokuskena we-laser we-high-speed fiber asetshenziswa ezindaweni ezizenzakalelayo zokukhiqiza izimboni ukuze kutholwe amaphutha angaphezulu.Izindlela zesimanje ezengeziwe zokuthola ukonakala kwendawo zihlanganisa ukusetshenziswa kwemicu yokubona ukuze kukhanye futhi kutholwe izingxenye ezithile.Le dissertation ihlanganisa ukuklanywa nokuthuthukiswa kohlelo olusha lwe-optoelectronic olunesivinini esikhulu.Kuleli phepha, kuphenywa imithombo emibili yama-LED, ama-LED (ama-light emitting diode) nama-laser diode.Umugqa wama-diode amahlanu akhiphayo kanye nama-photodiode amahlanu atholayo atholakala ngokubhekene.Ukuqoqwa kwedatha kulawulwa futhi kuhlaziywe yi-PC kusetshenziswa isofthiwe ye-LabVIEW.Isistimu isetshenziselwa ukukala ubukhulu bokukhubazeka okungaphezulu njengezimbobo (1 mm), izimbobo ezingaboni (2 mm) kanye namanotshi ezintweni ezihlukahlukene.Imiphumela ibonisa ukuthi ngenkathi isistimu ihloselwe ukuskena i-2D, ingaphinda isebenze njengesistimu yokuthwebula ye-3D elinganiselwe.Uhlelo luphinde lwabonisa ukuthi zonke izinto zensimbi ezifundisiwe zazikwazi ukukhombisa amasignali e-infrared.Indlela esanda kuthuthukiswa esebenzisa uxhaxha lwemicu ethambekele ivumela isistimu ukuthi ifinyelele ukulungiswa okulungisekayo ngokulungiswa okuphezulu kwesistimu okungaba ngu-100 µm (ukuqoqa ububanzi befiber).Uhlelo lusetshenziswe ngempumelelo ukukala iphrofayili engaphezulu, ukugoqana kwendawo, ukujiya kanye nokubonakala kwezinto ezihlukahlukene.I-Aluminium, insimbi engagqwali, ithusi, ithusi, i-tuffnol ne-polycarbonate ingahlolwa ngalolu hlelo.Izinzuzo zalolu hlelo olusha ukutholwa ngokushesha, izindleko eziphansi, usayizi omncane, ukulungiswa okuphezulu kanye nokuguquguquka.
Dizayina, wakhe futhi uhlole amasistimu amasha ukuze ahlanganise futhi akhiphe ubuchwepheshe obusha bezinzwa zemvelo.Ifanele kakhulu izinhlelo zokusebenza zokuqapha amagciwane endle
Ukulungisa Isakhiwo Se-Micro-Nano Se-Silicon Solar PV Panels ukuze Kuthuthukiswe Ukuhlinzekwa Kwamandla
Enye yezinselelo ezinkulu zobunjiniyela ezibhekene nomphakathi womhlaba namuhla ukutholakala kwamandla okusimeme.Sekuyisikhathi sokuthi umphakathi uqale ukuthembela kakhulu emithonjeni yamandla avuselelekayo.Ilanga linikeza umhlaba amandla amahhala, kodwa izindlela zesimanje zokusebenzisa la mandla njengogesi zinokulinganiselwa okuthile.Endabeni yamaseli e-photovoltaic, inkinga enkulu ukungasebenzi kahle kokuqoqa amandla elanga.I-Laser micromachining ivamise ukusetshenziselwa ukwakha ukuxhumana phakathi kwezendlalelo ezisebenzayo ze-photovoltaic njengezingqimba zengilazi, i-hydrogenated silicon, nezingqimba ze-zinc oxide.Kuyaziwa futhi ukuthi amandla engeziwe angatholakala ngokwandisa indawo yeseli yelanga, isibonelo nge-micromachining.Kuboniswe ukuthi imininingwane yephrofayili yendawo ye-nanoscale ithinta ukusebenza kahle kokumuncwa kwamandla kwamaseli elanga.Inhloso yaleli phepha ukuphenya izinzuzo zokulungisa izakhiwo ze-solar ze-micro-, nano- kanye ne-mesoscale ukuze zinikeze amandla aphezulu.Ukwehluka kwemingcele yezobuchwepheshe yalezo zakhiwo ezincane kanye nama-nanostructures kuzokwenza kube nokwenzeka ukutadisha umthelela wazo ku-topology engaphezulu.Amaseli azohlolelwa amandla awakhiqizayo lapho evezwe kumazinga alawulwa ngokokuhlolwa okukhanya kukagesi.Kuzosungulwa ubudlelwano obuqondile phakathi kokusebenza kahle kwamaseli nokuthungwa kwendawo.
I-Metal Matrix Composites (MMCs) isiba ngamakhandidethi aphambili eqhaza lezinto zokwakha kwezobunjiniyela kanye ne-electronics.I-Aluminium (Al) nethusi (Cu) kuqiniswe nge-SiC ngenxa yezakhiwo zazo ezinhle kakhulu zokushisa (isb. i-thermal expansion coefficient (CTE), ukuhanjiswa kwe-thermal ephezulu) kanye nezakhiwo ezithuthukisiwe zemishini (isb amandla athile aphezulu, ukusebenza okungcono).Isetshenziswa kabanzi ezimbonini ezahlukahlukene zokumelana nokugqoka kanye ne-modulus ethize.Muva nje, lawa ma-MMC e-ceramic aphezulu abe omunye umkhuba wezinhlelo zokusebenza zokulawula izinga lokushisa kumaphakheji we-elekthronikhi.Ngokuvamile, kumaphakheji wedivayisi yamandla, i-aluminium (Al) noma ithusi (Cu) isetshenziswa njenge-heatsink noma i-base plate ukuze ixhume ku-substrate ye-ceramic ephethe i-chip nesakhiwo sephinikhodi ehambisanayo.Umehluko omkhulu ku-coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) phakathi kwe-ceramic ne-aluminium noma ithusi awubi kahle ngoba unciphisa ukuthembeka kwephakheji futhi ukhawule usayizi we-ceramic substrate engaxhunywa ku-substrate.
Njengoba kunikezwe leli phutha, manje sekungenzeka ukuthi kuthuthukiswe, kuphenywe futhi kuboniswe izinto ezintsha ezihlangabezana nezidingo ezimisiwe zezinto ezithuthukisiwe ezithuthukisiwe.Ngokuqhutshwa kwe-thermal okuthuthukisiwe kanye ne-coefficient yezakhiwo ze-thermal expansion (CTE), i-MMC CuSiC ne-AlSiC manje ziyizixazululo ezisebenzayo zokupakishwa kwe-electronics.Lo msebenzi uzohlola izici eziyingqayizivele ze-thermophysical zalawa ma-MMC kanye nezicelo ezingase zibe khona zokuphatha okushisayo kwamaphakheji e-elekthronikhi.
Izinkampani zikawoyela zithola ukugqwala okukhulu endaweni yokushisela yezinhlelo zemboni kawoyela negesi ezenziwe ngekhabhoni nezinsimbi eziphansi ze-alloy.Ezindaweni eziqukethe i-CO2, ukulimala kokugqwala kuvame ukubangelwa umehluko wamafilimu avikelayo okugqwala afakwe kuma-microstructures e-carbon steel ahlukahlukene.Ukugqwala kwendawo kunsimbi yokushisela (WM) kanye nendawo ethinteke ukushisa (HAZ) ikakhulukazi ngenxa yemiphumela ye-galvanic ngenxa yomehluko ekubunjweni kwe-alloy kanye ne-microstructure.Isisekelo sensimbi (PM), WM, kanye nezici ze-HAZ microstructural zaphenywa ukuze kuqondwe umthelela we-microstructure ekuziphatheni kokugqwala kwamajoyinti ashiselwe ensimbi ethambile.Ukuhlolwa kokugqwala kwenziwa kusixazululo se-NaCl esingu-3.5% esigcwele i-CO2 ngaphansi kwezimo ezikhishwe umoya-mpilo ekamelweni lokushisa (20±2°C) kanye ne-pH 4.0±0.3.Ukubonakala kokuziphatha kokugqwala kwenziwa kusetshenziswa izindlela ze-electrochemical zokunquma amandla wesekethe evulekile, ukuskena kwe-potentiodynamic kanye nokumelana nomugqa we-polarization, kanye nokubonakaliswa kwe-metallographic okuvamile kusetshenziswa i-optical microscopy.Izigaba eziyinhloko ze-morphological ezitholiwe ziyi-acicular ferrite, i-austenite egciniwe, kanye nesakhiwo se-martensitic-bainitic ku-WM.Azivamile ku-HAZ.Ukuziphatha okuhluke kakhulu kwe-electrochemical namazinga okugqwala atholwe ku-PM, VM kanye ne-HAZ.
Umsebenzi ohlanganiswe yile phrojekthi uhlose ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kukagesi wamaphampu angaphansi kwamanzi.Izidingo embonini yephampu ukuthi zihambe ngale ndlela zisanda kukhula ngokwethulwa komthetho omusha we-EU odinga ukuthi imboni iyonke ifinyelele amazinga amasha nangaphezulu okusebenza kahle.Leli phepha lihlaziya ukusetshenziswa kwejazi lokupholisa ukupholisa indawo ye-solenoid yepompo futhi liphakamisa ukuthuthukiswa komklamo.Ikakhulukazi, ukugeleza kwamanzi kanye nokudluliselwa kokushisa kumajakhethi okupholisa amaphampu okusebenza abonakalisiwe.Ukuthuthukiswa kwedizayini yejakhethi kuzohlinzeka ngokudluliswa kokushisa okungcono endaweni yemoto yephampu okuholela ekusebenzeni kahle kwephampu kuyilapho kunciphisa ukuhudula okubangelwayo.Kulo msebenzi, uhlelo lokuhlola iphampu efakwe emgodini owomile lwengezwe ethangini lokuhlola elikhona elingu-250 m3.Lokhu kuvumela ukulandelela kwekhamera yesivinini esikhulu senkambu yokugeleza kanye nesithombe esishisayo sekhesi yepompo.Inkambu yokugeleza eqinisekiswe ukuhlaziya kwe-CFD ivumela ukuhlola, ukuhlola nokuqhathanisa eminye imiklamo ukuze kugcinwe amazinga okushisa okusebenza ephansi ngangokunokwenzeka.Idizayini yasekuqaleni yephampu yesigxobo engu-M60-4 imelana nezinga lokushisa eliphezulu lekhese lephampu langaphandle elingu-45°C kanye nezinga lokushisa eliphakeme le-stator elingu-90°C.Ukuhlaziywa kwemiklamo ehlukahlukene yamamodeli kukhombisa ukuthi yimiphi imiklamo ewusizo kakhulu kumasistimu asebenza kahle futhi okungafanele isetshenziswe.Ikakhulukazi, idizayini yekhoyili yokupholisa ehlanganisiwe ayinayo intuthuko kunomklamo wokuqala.Ukwenyusa inani lama-impeller blades ukusuka kwezine kuye kwayisishiyagalombili kwehlise izinga lokushisa elisebenza elikalwa ku-casing ngamadigri ayisikhombisa Celsius.
Inhlanganisela yokuqina kwamandla aphezulu kanye nesikhathi esincishisiwe sokuchayeka ekucutshungulweni kwensimbi kuholela ekushintsheni kwesakhiwo se-microstructure.Ukuthola inhlanganisela efanele yemingcele yenqubo ye-laser kanye nezinga lokupholisa kubalulekile ekuguquleni ukwakheka kokusanhlamvu kanye nokwenza ngcono izici ze-tribological endaweni ebonakalayo.Umgomo oyinhloko walolu cwaningo bekuwukuphenya umthelela wokucutshungulwa kwe-laser esheshayo ezimpahleni ze-tribological ze-metallic biomaterials ezithengiswayo.Lo msebenzi unikezelwe ukuguqulwa kwe-laser surface yensimbi engagqwali i-AISI 316L ne-Ti-6Al-4V.Ilaser engu-1.5 kW pulsed CO2 isetshenziselwe ukutadisha umthelela wezinhlaka zenqubo ye-laser ehlukahlukene kanye nomphumela we-microstructure yangaphezulu kanye ne-morphology.Kusetshenziswa isampula eyi-cylindrical ezungeza i-perpendicular kuya ekuqondeni kwemisebe ye-laser, ukushuba kwemisebe ye-laser, isikhathi sokuchayeka, ukuminyana kokugeleza kwamandla, nobubanzi be-pulse kuye kwahlukahluka.Uhlamvu lwezinhlamvu lwenziwa kusetshenziswa i-SEM, i-EDX, izilinganiso zobunzima benaliti kanye nokuhlaziywa kwe-XRD.Imodeli yokubikezela izinga lokushisa elingaphezulu nayo yasetshenziswa ukuze kusethwe imingcele yokuqala yenqubo yokuhlola.Ukuhlelwa kwenqubo kwabe sekwenziwa ukuze kunqunywe inani lemingcele ethile yokwelashwa nge-laser ebusweni bensimbi encibilikisiwe.Kukhona ukuhlobana okuqinile phakathi kokukhanya, isikhathi sokuchayeka, ukujula kokucubungula kanye nokuba mahhedla kwesampuli ecutshunguliwe.Ukujula okukhulisiwe kanye nobulukhuni bezinguquko ze-microstructural kuhlotshaniswa namazinga aphezulu okuchayeka kanye nezikhathi zokuchayeka.Ngokuhlaziya ukuhwalala nokujula kwendawo ephathwayo, ukushelela kwamandla kanye namamodeli wezinga lokushisa asetshenziswa ukubikezela izinga lokuncibilika okuzokwenzeka phezulu.Njengoba isikhathi sokusebenzisana se-laser beam sikhula, ubulukhuni obungaphezulu bensimbi buyanda kumazinga ahlukahlukene we-pulse energy ahloliwe.Ngenkathi isakhiwo esingaphezulu sibhekwa ukuze sigcine ukuqondana okuvamile kwamakristalu, izinguquko ekuqondeni okusanhlamvu zabonwa ezindaweni eziphathwa nge-laser.
Ukuhlaziywa kanye nezimpawu zokuziphatha kokucindezeleka kwezicubu kanye nemithelela yayo ekwakhiweni kwesikafula
Kule phrojekthi, kwathuthukiswa amajiyometri amaningi ahlukene esikafula futhi kwenziwa ukuhlaziywa kwezinto ezinomkhawulo ukuze kuqondwe izakhiwo zemishini zesakhiwo samathambo, indima yazo ekuthuthukisweni kwezicubu, kanye nokusatshalaliswa okuphezulu kwengcindezi nobunzima esikafini.Izikena ze-Computed tomography (CT) zamasampuli amathambo e-trabecular zaqoqwa ngaphezu kwezakhiwo ze-scaffold eziklanywe nge-CAD.Le miklamo ikuvumela ukuthi udale futhi uhlole ama-prototypes, futhi wenze i-FEM yale miklamo.Izilinganiso zemishini ze-microdeformations zenziwe kuma-scaffolds akhiwe kanye nezibonelo ze-trabecular zethambo lekhanda lesifazane futhi le miphumela yaqhathaniswa naleyo etholwe yi-FEA yezakhiwo ezifanayo.Kukholakala ukuthi izakhiwo zemishini zincike ekubunjweni kwembotshana okuklanyiwe (isakhiwo), usayizi wembotshana (120, 340 kanye no-600 µm) nezimo zokulayisha (ezinamabhulokhi okulayisha noma ngaphandle kwawo).Izinguquko kulawa mapharamitha zaphenywa ukuze kutholwe izinhlaka eziyizimbotshana ezingu-8 mm3, 22.7 mm3 kanye no-1000 mm3 ukuze kufundwe kabanzi ngomthelela wazo ekusabalaliseni ingcindezi.Imiphumela yokuhlolwa nokulingiswa ibonisa ukuthi ukuklama kwejometri yesakhiwo kudlala indima ebalulekile ekusabalaliseni ukucindezeleka, futhi kuqokomisa amandla amakhulu okuklama kohlaka ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuvuselelwa kwamathambo.Ngokuvamile, usayizi we-pore ubaluleke kakhulu kunezinga le-porosity ekunqumeni izinga eliphezulu lokucindezeleka.Kodwa-ke, izinga le-porosity libalulekile futhi ekunqumeni i-osteoconductivity yezakhiwo ze-scaffold.Njengoba izinga le-porosity likhuphuka lisuka ku-30% liye ku-70%, inani eliphezulu lokucindezeleka likhuphuka kakhulu ngosayizi ofanayo wembobo.
Usayizi we-pore we-scaffold nawo ubalulekile endleleni yokwenza.Zonke izindlela zesimanje ze-prototyping ezisheshayo zinemikhawulo ethile.Nakuba ukwakhiwa okuvamile kunemisebenzi eminingi, imiklamo eyinkimbinkimbi nemincane ngokuvamile ayinakwenzeka.Iningi lalobu buchwepheshe okwamanje alikwazi ukukhiqiza ngokuqhubekayo izimbotshana ezingaphansi kuka-500 µm.Ngakho-ke, imiphumela enosayizi wembotshana ongu-600 µm kulo msebenzi ihambisana kakhulu namakhono okukhiqiza obuchwepheshe bamanje bokukhiqiza okusheshayo.Isakhiwo esiyi-hexagonal esethulwe, nakuba sicatshangelwa ohlangothini olulodwa kuphela, singaba isakhiwo se-anisotropic kakhulu uma siqhathaniswa nezakhiwo ezisekelwe ku-cube kanye nonxantathu.Izakhiwo ze-Cubic kanye ne-triangular ziyi-isotropic uma iqhathaniswa nezakhiwo ezinama-hexagonal.I-Anisotropy ibalulekile uma ucubungula i-osteoconductivity yesikafula esiklanyiwe.Ukusatshalaliswa kwengcindezi nendawo yokuvula kuthinta inqubo yokulungisa kabusha, futhi izimo ezihlukene zokulayisha zingashintsha inani eliphezulu lokucindezeleka nendawo yalo.Isiqondiso sokulayisha esivelele kufanele sikhuthaze usayizi wembotshana nokusabalalisa ukuze kuvunyelwe amaseli ukuthi akhule abe izimbotshana ezinkulu futhi anikeze imisoco nezinto zokwakha.Esinye isiphetho esithakazelisayo salo msebenzi, ngokuhlola ukusatshalaliswa kokucindezeleka esigabeni esiphambanweni sezinsika, ukuthi amanani aphezulu okucindezeleka aqoshwa ebusweni bezinsika uma kuqhathaniswa nendawo.Kulo msebenzi, kuboniswe ukuthi usayizi we-pore, izinga le-porosity, nendlela yokulayisha ihlobene eduze namazinga okucindezeleka atholakala esakhiweni.Lokhu okutholakele kubonisa ukuthi kungenzeka ukudala izakhiwo ze-strut lapho amazinga okucindezeleka endaweni ye-strut angahluka kakhulu, okungakhuthaza ukunamathela kweseli nokukhula.
Izikafula ezithatha indawo yamathambo okwenziwa zinikeza ithuba lokuhlanganisa izakhiwo ngazinye, zinqobe ukutholakala komnikeli okulinganiselwe, futhi zithuthukise ukuhlanganisa kwe-osseo.Ubunjiniyela bamathambo buhlose ukubhekana nalezi zinkinga ngokuhlinzeka ngokuxhunyelelwa kwekhwalithi ephezulu okungahlinzekwa ngamanani amakhulu.Kulezi zinhlelo zokusebenza, kokubili i-geometry yescaffold yangaphakathi nengaphandle ibaluleke kakhulu, njengoba inomthelela obalulekile kuzakhiwo zemishini, ukungeneka, nokwanda kwamaseli.Ubuchwepheshe be-prototyping obusheshayo buvumela ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezingajwayelekile ngejiyomethri enikeziwe nelungiselelwe kahle, eyenziwe ngokunemba okuphezulu.Leli phepha lihlola ikhono lezindlela zokuphrinta ze-3D ukwenza amajiyometri ayinkimbinkimbi wezikafula zamathambo kusetshenziswa izinto ze-calcium phosphate ze-biocompatible.Izifundo zokuqala zezinto eziphathelene nobunikazi zibonisa ukuthi ukuziphatha okubikezelwe kokuqondisa kwemishini kungafinyelelwa.Izilinganiso zangempela zezakhiwo eziqondisayo zemishini yamasampuli akhiwe zibonise amathrendi afanayo njengemiphumela yokuhlaziywa kwesici esilinganiselwe (FEM).Lo msebenzi futhi ubonisa ukuba nokwenzeka kokuphrinta kwe-3D ukwenza izikafula zejiyomethri yobunjiniyela bezicubu kusuka kusimende we-calcium phosphate we-biocompatible.Izinhlaka zenziwa ngokunyathelisa ngesisombululo esinamanzi se-disodium hydrogen phosphate ongqimbeni lwempushana ohlanganisa ingxube ye-calcium hydrogen phosphate ne-calcium hydroxide.Ukusabela kokumiswa kwamakhemikhali okumanzi kwenzeka kumbhede oyimpushana wephrinta ye-3D.Amasampula aqinile enziwa ukukala izakhiwo zemishini zokucindezelwa kwevolumu ye-calcium phosphate siment (CPC) eyenziwe.Izingxenye ezikhiqizwe ngaleyo ndlela zine-avareji modulus yokunwebeka kwe-3.59 MPa kanye namandla okucindezela amaphakathi angu-0.147 MPa.I-Sintering iholela ekwenyukeni okukhulu kwezakhiwo zokucindezelwa (E = 9.15 MPa, σt = 0.483 MPa), kodwa kunciphisa indawo ethile yezinto ezibonakalayo.Njengomphumela we-sintering, usimende we-calcium phosphate ubola ube yi-β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) ne-hydroxyapatite (HA), eqinisekiswa yidatha yokuhlaziywa kwe-thermogravimetric kanye nokuhluka kokushisa okushisayo (TGA/DTA) kanye nokuhlaziywa kwe-X-ray diffraction ( XRD).izakhiwo azanele ekufakweni okulayishwe kakhulu, lapho amandla adingekayo asuka ku-1.5 kuya ku-150 MPa, futhi ukuqina kokucindezela kudlula i-MPa eyi-10.Kodwa-ke, ukuqhubekela phambili kokucutshungulwa, njengokungenwa ngama-polymers angaboli, kungenza lezi zakhiwo zilungele ukusetshenziswa kwe-stent.
Injongo: Ucwaningo lwemishini yenhlabathi lubonise ukuthi ukudlidliza okusetshenziswa ekuhlanganiseni kuphumela ekuhlelweni kwezinhlayiyana okuphumelelayo kakhudlwana kanye nokuncipha kwamandla adingekayo ukuze kusebenze i-aggregate.Umgomo wethu kwakuwukwenza indlela yomthelela wokudlidliza enqubweni yokuthinta amathambo futhi sihlole umphumela wawo ezicini zemishini zokuxhunyelelwa okuthintekile.
Isigaba soku-1: Ukugaywa kwamakhanda angama-80 ezinsikazi zezinkomo kusetshenziswa i-Noviomagus bone mill.Amagxunyelo abe esewashwa kusetshenziswa uhlelo lokugeza usawoti ophuphumayo ethreyini yesisefo.Kwakhiwa idivayisi ye-vibro-impact, efakwe amamotho amabili e-15 V DC anezisindo ze-eccentric ezifakwe ngaphakathi kwesilinda sensimbi.Phonsa isisindo kuso kusukela ekuphakameni okunikeziwe izikhathi ezingu-72 ukuze ukhiqize kabusha inqubo yokushaya ithambo.Ibanga lefrikhwensi yokudlidliza elikalwa nge-accelerometer efakwe egunjini lokudlidliza lihloliwe.Ukuhlolwa kwe-shear ngakunye kwabe sekuphindaphindiwe emithwalweni emine ehlukene evamile ukuze kutholwe uchungechunge lwamajika okucindezeleka.Izimvilophu zokuhluleka kwe-Mohr-Coulomb zakhiwe esivivinyweni ngasinye, lapho kwatholakala khona amandla okugunda kanye namanani okuvimba.
Isigaba sesi-2: Phinda ukuhlola ngokungeza igazi ukuze uphindaphinde indawo ecebile okuhlangatshezwane nayo ezilungiselelweni zokuhlinzwa.
Isiteji 1: Amagrafti anokukhula kokudlidliza kuwo wonke amafrikhwensi wokudlidliza abonise amandla aphezulu okugunda uma kuqhathaniswa nomthelela ngaphandle kokudlidliza.Ukudlidliza ngemvamisa engu-60 Hz kubonise umthelela omkhulu kakhulu futhi kwakubalulekile.
Isiteji sesi-2: Ukuxhunyelelwa okunomthelela owengeziwe wokudlidliza kuma-aggregate agcwele kubonise amandla aphansi okugunda kuyo yonke imithwalo evamile ecindezelayo kunomthelela ngaphandle kokudlidliza.
Isiphetho: Izimiso zobunjiniyela bomphakathi ziyasebenza ekufakweni kwethambo elifakiwe.Kumaqoqo omile, ukungezwa kokudlidliza kungathuthukisa izakhiwo zemishini yezinhlayiya zomthelela.Kusistimu yethu, imvamisa yokudlidliza elungile ngu-60 Hz.Kuma-aggregate agcwele, ukwanda kokudlidliza kuthinta kabi amandla okugunda we-aggregate.Lokhu kungachazwa ngenqubo yokwenziwa kwe-liquefaction.
Inhloso yalo msebenzi bekuwukuklama, ukwakha kanye nokuhlola uhlelo olungaphazamisa izifundo ezimi kulo ukuze kuhlolwe amandla azo okuphendula lezi zinguquko.Lokhu kungenziwa ngokutshekisa ngokushesha indawo ami kuyo umuntu bese uyibuyisela endaweni evundlile.Kulokhu kungenzeka ukunquma ukuthi izifundo zikwazile yini ukugcina isimo sokulingana nokuthi kwathatha isikhathi esingakanani ukubuyisela lesi simo sokulingana.Lesi simo sokulingana sizonqunywa ngokulinganisa umthelela wokuma kwesihloko.I-postural yabo yemvelo yemvelo yalinganiswa ngephaneli yephrofayela yokucindezela unyawo ukuze kunqunywe ukuthi ingakanani i-sway ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa.Lolu hlelo luphinde lwenzelwe ukuthi lusebenziseke ngezindlela eziningi futhi lukwazi ukuthengeka kunamanje olutholakala kwezohwebo ngoba, nakuba le mishini ibalulekile ocwaningweni, ayisetshenziswa kabanzi njengamanje ngenxa yezindleko zayo eziphezulu.Uhlelo olusha oluthuthukisiwe oluvezwe kulesi sihloko lusetshenziselwe ukuhambisa izinto zokuhlola ezinesisindo esingafika ku-100 kg.
Kulo msebenzi, izivivinyo eziyisithupha zaselabhorethri kwezobunjiniyela nesayensi yezomzimba zaklanyelwe ukuthuthukisa inqubo yokufunda yabafundi.Lokhu kufinyelelwa ngokufaka nokudala amathuluzi abonakalayo alokhu kuhlolwa.Ukusetshenziswa kwezinsimbi ezibonakalayo kuqhathaniswa ngokuqondile nezindlela zokufundisa zaselabhorethri zendabuko, futhi kuxoxwa ngesisekelo sokuthuthukiswa kwazo zombili izindlela.Umsebenzi wangaphambilini usebenzisa ukufunda okusizwa ngekhompuyutha (i-CBL) kumaphrojekthi afanayo ahlobene nalo msebenzi uye wasetshenziselwa ukuhlola ezinye zezinzuzo zamathuluzi abonakalayo, ikakhulukazi lawo ahlobene nokukhula kwentshisekelo yabafundi, ukugcinwa kwenkumbulo, ukuqonda, kanye nokubikwa kwelebhu ekugcineni..izinzuzo ezihlobene.Ukuhlolwa okubonakalayo okuxoxwe ngakho kulolu cwaningo kuyinguqulo ebuyekeziwe yokuhlolwa kwesitayela esivamile futhi ngaleyo ndlela kunikeza ukuqhathanisa okuqondile kwendlela entsha ye-CBL nelebhu yesitayela esivamile.Awukho umehluko womqondo phakathi kwezinguqulo ezimbili zokuhlolwa, umehluko kuphela usendleleni okwethulwa ngayo.Ukusebenza kwalezi zindlela ze-CBL kwahlolwa ngokubheka ukusebenza kwabafundi besebenzisa ithuluzi elibonakalayo uma kuqhathaniswa nabanye abafundi ekilasini elifanayo abenza imodi yokuhlola evamile.Bonke abafundi bahlolwa ngokuthumela imibiko, imibuzo eminingi yokukhetha ehlobene nokuhlolwa kwabo nohlu lwemibuzo.Imiphumela yalolu cwaningo iphinde yaqhathaniswa nezinye izifundo ezihlobene emkhakheni we-CBL.