904L 9.52*1.24mm Insimbi engagqwali ehlanganiswe ingxenye yamakhemikhali eshubhu ,Amaphupho eGramophone #70: I-Sutherland Engineering SUTZ & Lounge Audio Copla preamp, Dynavector DV-20X2 kanye ne-XX-2 MKII cartridge

Kodwa njengoba ngibhala le kholomu yanyanga zonke, ngihlose ukuzwa okuhlukile, njengokushayela i-'70s Ford station wagon off-road nokubhala amamotela negalaji likaphethiloli.Ukuvakasha bekumnandi, kulula, kunokubukwa okuhle nezitobhi kuwo wonke umnyuziyamu wezimoto, ipulazi lezinyoka kanye nomhume we-stalactite.

Ukucaciswa

904L 9.52*1.24mm Insimbi engagqwali abahlinzeki bamashubhu ahlanganisiwe

i-alloy 904L tubing (UNS N08904) ukuze isetshenziswe ezinhlelweni ezidinga ukumelana nokugqwala okumaphakathi kuya kokuphezulu.Ingxubevange 904L iyi-carbon high alloy austenitic insimbi engagqwali ephansi, eyasungulwa ekuqaleni ukuze imelane nokugqwala ekuxubeni i-sulfuric acid.Ngenxa yokuhlanganiswa kwe-chromium, i-nickel, i-molybdenum nethusi, leli banga liye lathuthuka kakhulu ukumelana nama-acids anciphisa aqinile, ikakhulukazi i-sulfuric acid.I-alloy 904L ishubhu iphinda imelana ngokwedlulele nokuhlaselwa kwe-chloride kusuka kukho kokubili ukugqwala komgodi/umfantu kanye nokuqhekeka kokugqwala kwengcindezi.Ingxubevange 904L ayiwona uzibuthe kuzo zonke izimo, inokuqina okumangalisayo, futhi inokwakheka okuhle nokushisela.

Ngenxa yalezi zakhiwo, umuntu angathola ishubhu ye-alloy 904L ezinhlelweni eziningi.Lezi zisukela kumishini yokukhuhla izinto ezisetshenziswayo kuye kumishini yokukhiqiza i-asidi nomanyolo, ukucutshungulwa kwe-pulp nephepha, izinsiza zokupholisa amanzi olwandle.Isetshenziswa ezinqubweni eziqukethe i-sulfuric noma i-phosphoric acid, i-904L ibonisa ukumelana kwayo okuhle kakhulu nokugqwala okuvela kulawo ma-asidi.Izimboni zephepha, igesi, ezemithi kanye namakhemikhali nazo zisebenzisa i-904L ukumelana kwayo futhi isebenzise ku-400-450 degrees C. Ingxubevange engu-904L ishubhu ingashiselwa, ifakwe ngomshini, iphathwe ngokushisa, ifakwe i-anneal, iqiniswe futhi ibandayo isetshenziselwe izinhloso eziningi.

I-UNS NO8904, evame ukubizwa ngokuthi 904L, iyinsimbi engagqwali ephansi ye-carbon high alloy austenitic esetshenziswa kakhulu ezinhlelweni lapho izakhiwo zokugqwala ze-AISI 316L ne-AISI 317L zinganele.

Ukwengezwa kwethusi kuleli banga kulinikeza izakhiwo ezimelana nokugqwala okuphakeme kunezinsimbi ezingenasici ze-chrome ze-nickel, ikakhulukazi kune-sulphuric, phosphoric kanye ne-acetic acid.Nokho, kukhona ukusetshenziswa okulinganiselwe nge-hydrochloric acid.Futhi inokumelana okuphezulu nokufaka izixazululo ze-chloride, ukumelana okuphezulu kukho kokubili ukuqhekeka nokugqwala kwengcindezi.I-alloy 904L isebenza kangcono kunezinye izinsimbi ezingenasici ze-austenitic ngenxa yokuhlanganiswa okuphezulu kwe-nickel ne-molybdenum.

Ibanga alinawo uzibuthe kuzo zonke izimo futhi linokwakheka okuhle kakhulu nokushisela.Isakhiwo se-austenitic sinikeza leli banga ukuqina okuhle kakhulu, ngisho naphansi kwamazinga okushisa e-cryogenic.

Okuqukethwe kwe-chromium ephezulu kukhuthaza futhi kugcine ifilimu engenzi lutho evikela into esetshenziswayo ezindaweni eziningi ezonakalisayo.I-904L inokumelana okukhulu nemvula yezigaba ze-ferrite ne-sigma ekupholiseni nasekushiseleni kunezinye izinsimbi ezingenasici eziqukethe i-molybdenum njenge-316L ne-317L.Abukho ubungozi bokugqwala kwe-intercrystalline ekupholiseni noma ekushiseleni ngenxa yokuqukethwe kwekhabhoni ephansi.Izinga lokushisa eliphezulu lesevisi yalo liku-450°C.

Leli banga liwusizo ikakhulukazi ekulawuleni nasekusetshenzisweni kwamashubhu wezinsimbi lapho i-316 ne-317L ingafaneleki.

I-904L insimbi engagqwali ihlanganisa i-molybdenum nethusi nensimbi ukuze kukhuphuke kakhulu ukumelana nokunciphisa ama-asidi afana ne-sulfuric acid.Imelana kahle kakhulu nama-chloride endaweni ukuze igobe kancane kanye nokugqwala kwemifantu, kanye nokuqhekeka kokugqwala kwengcindezi.

904L Stainless Steel Pipes and Tubes Product Range 904L Stainless Steel Pipes and Tubes Specifications: ASTM A/ASME SA 269/677 904L Stainless Steel Pipes and Tubes sizes (Seamless): 1/2″ NB NB 8″ NB - 8″ NB - Speel 8″ Osayizi (ERW): 1/2″ NB – 24″ NB 904L Amapayipi Ensimbi Engagqwali Nosayizi Bamashubhu (EFW): 6″ NB – 100″ NB

»904L Stainless Steel Pipes and Tubes Dimensions: Wonke amapayipi akhiqizwa futhi ahlolwe/ahlolwe ngokwezindinganiso ezifanele ezihlanganisa i-ASTM, i-ASME ne-API njll. Izakhiwo Eziyinhloko Lezi zakhiwo zicaciswe umkhiqizo ogoqeke oyisicaba (ipuleti, ishidi kanye nekhoyili) ku-ASTM B625 .Izakhiwo ezifanayo kodwa azifani ngempela zicaciswe kweminye imikhiqizo efana nepayipi, ishubhu kanye nebha ngokucaciswa kwazo.

Izinhlelo zokusebenza

I-904L insimbi engagqwali isetshenziswa kakhulu ezimbonini zamakhemikhali, ezemithi, zikawoyela negesi.Izicelo ezijwayelekile zihlanganisa amathangi, ama-valve, izishintshi zokushisa, ama-flange nama-manifolds.Ukwengezwa kwethusi ekwakhiweni kwensimbi engagqwali engu-904L kusiza ukufaneleka kwayo kwezingxenye ezifana namathangi neminye imikhiqizo esetshenziswa ekuphatheni i-sulfuric ne-phosphoric acid.

Kule nyanga, ngizobe ngishayela amamayela ambalwa ngehle nge-odometer ye-Ford ngihlola umthelela womkhiqizo wakamuva oshayelwa u-Ron Sutherland: i-preamplifier ye-transimpedance engu-$3,800 ebizwa ngokuthi i-SUTZ.Endleleni, ngizophinde ngibuyele ku-$1250 Dynavector DV-20X2 i-cartridge eguquguqukayo futhi ngihlole ukuthi yini engaba engcono kakhulu kumugqa we-cartridge we-Dynavector: i-$2150 XX-2 MKII.
Ekugcineni, ngizothatha ikhefu, ngehle emotweni, futhi ngizijwayeze kabusha ne-Copla preamp ye-Lounge Audio engu-$355, ebengiyisebenzisa ngomdlandla kusukela ngiyibuyekeza ngoFebhuwari 2018, kodwa angikaze ngibhale ngayo kusukela ngiyibuyekeza.
I-Sutherland Engineering SUTZ Ngichithe isikhathi esiningi ngizama ukucabanga wonke umsindo kazibuthe obangelwa ukushwibeka kwenduku exhunywe kuhlobo oluthile lwekhoyili endaweni kazibuthe.Ngibone ngeso lengqondo irekhodi eligobhoza lilenga kuhlangano lwenaliti/cantilever/coil, lunweba intambo eqinile futhi lunyakazisa ikhoyili ngemigqa yamandla engaguquki edalwe uzibuthe wesicathulo sehhashi esincane kakhulu.Njengoba amakhoyili edlula kumagnetic flux kazibuthe, umsinga udonswa ngobude bawo.
Ngafunda ukudweba ingxenye yomthetho kaFaraday esikoleni sabaqalayo.Esikoleni samabanga aphakeme, uthisha wachaza umthetho kaLenz, okwakunzima nakakhulu ukuwuqonda: “I-polarity kagesi obangelwa ukushintsha kokuguquguquka kazibuthe kudala umsinga onamandla kazibuthe ophambene noshintsho oluwudalile.”
Ngokumangalisayo, umthetho kaLenz kanye nokuhlehla kwawo kazibuthe kwafika engqondweni yami lapho ngizama ukucabanga ukuthi izigaba zomsindo olawulwayo zingasebenza kanjani nokuthi kungani zingathinta umsindo wekhasethi ngale ndlela.Lesi sikhumbuzo singiholele ekuphakamiseni ukuthi ukulayisha i-cartridge yekhoyili ehambayo ene-virtual short circuit (ayikho i-voltage yokufaka) kukhulisa amandla amanje ageleza kukhoyili ye-cartridge, okubuye kukhulise ukuhlehla komthetho we-Lenz, ngaleyo ndlela kunciphe ukuze kuzuzwe ukunyakaza okuphezulu okungenzeka kwe-cartridge. ikhoyili ye-cantilever (umbhalo waphansi 1).
Ngabe sengizama ukucabanga ukuthi lokhu kuncibilika kwamanje kuzoqhathaniswa kanjani nokuncibilika okunikezwa yi-shunt resistor yendabuko phambi kwesiteji esisebenzayo.Bengihlale ngicabanga ukuthi wonke umehluko ekulayisheni/ekuncipheni kunomthelela ekutheni upende lulandelela kahle kanjani imigqa yerekhodi, futhi ngifinyelele esiphethweni sokuthi umehluko wokudambisa (noma ngabe uyini) unembangela yomehluko ekulandeleni, emseleni. Umsindo, umuzwa we-visceral Imininingwane ye-Causal kanye nokuhlanekezela kwe-intermodulation.
Kuze kube manje, ngihlanganise inqwaba yezigaba zephono ezilayishwe ngokufana, iziguquli ezikhuphukayo, kanye nezigaba ezintathu zephono “ze-transimpedance”: I-Lounge Audio's Copla ngama- $355, isiteji sephono sika-Dynavector sika-P75 MK3 ngama- $895, kanye ne-Little Loco ye-Sutherland Engineering. $3,800.
Ngokomlando, ukunambitheka kwami ​​ekudlalweni kwegilamafoni kuthande ama-high-nickel step-up transformers azama ukudlula umkhathi nemicu ye-RIAA tube EQs.Muva nje, nokho, bengilokhu ngigxile olwazini olusezingeni eliphansi, olunokuminyana okuphezulu oluvela ezigabeni zephono ezilawulwa manje ze-Sutherland Engineering Little Loco ebengizisebenzisa ne-My Sonic Lab's low-output (0.3mV), i-low-impedance. (0 .6 ohm) Ikhatriji eguquguqukayo ye-Ultra Eminent EX.I-Loco encane ibonakala ithuthukisa yonke imininingwane encane enikezwa yile cartridge.Uma kuqhathaniswa nomsindo we-Eminent EX esiteji esiteji sephono i-Parasound Halo JC 3+, i-My Sonic-Loco combo idlalwe kakhudlwana (ngokwesithombe nesikhala somsindo) kanye ne-sleeker (ngokokwakheka nesikali) - kwalasha ngemuva.Lawa ngamanothi athule.
Ngakho-ke kungazelelwe ngibambekile: ngikuthola kanjani konke ukuthula kwesifunda esifushane kanye ne-microdata engenazinhlamvu ngaphandle kokuphoqwa ukuthi ngilahle i-CinemaScope kanye nobuchwepheshe besiteji seshubhu ye-RIAA?
Ngachaza le nkinga kumngane wami u-Chad Stelly, olethe inkinga kumngane wethu sobabili u-Ron Sutherland we-Sutherland Engineering (umbhalo waphansi 2);Ngokushesha uRon waphendula, “Ngikuxazululile!”Ngemva kwesonto, ngajoyina.Okusungulwe kwakamuva kuka-Ron, i-“SUTZ” transimpedance preamplifier, kuya ku-47 kΩ ofaka uzibuthe onyakazayo wesiteji sami sephono se-Tavish Design Adagio all-tube.
I-preamp ye-SUTZ evela e-Sutherland Engineering isebenzisa i-chassis engu-17 x 2 x 13″ efanayo ne-Little Loco preamp engiyichaze ngo-January 2022 stereophile yami.Eqinisweni, i-SUTZ ibukeka njenge-Little Loco ngaphakathi nangaphandle.izilungiselelo ezifanayo zenzuzo ezicushwe i-jumper njenge-Little Loco.Lapho ngibuza ukuthi iyiphi inzuzo i-SUTZ enayo, u-Ron wangithumelela i-imeyili ukuthi wonke ama-SUTZ azayo azoba nezilungiselelo ezinhlanu zokuzuza, kodwa wavele wangithethisa.I-transimpedance amplifier ayinayo "inzuzo" ngoba amayunithi okokufaka (ama-ampere) awafani namayunithi okukhiphayo (ama-volts).“(umbhalo waphansi we-3)
Ngaphambi kokuthi ngiqale, kufanele ngikhulume ukuthi iqembu lezingxenye engizisebenzisayo yilokho engikubiza ngokuthi isistimu ye-tube yonke "real-fi": i-phono cartridge kanye ne-step-up transformer exhunywe ku-10.5″ Thomas.Schick Dr. Feickert Blackbird rotary EQ, Tavish Design Adagio phono stage noma SunValley SV EQ1616D phono stage, Lab 12 Pre 1 line level preamp exhunywe ku-Elekit TU-8600S SE amplifier (ene-Western Electric 300B tubes), ye-Falcon Gold.Phakathi nalezi zinhlolokhono, ngangihlale ngikhunjuzwa ukuthi ngangisithanda kangakanani lesi simiso nendlela esiqopha ngayo ithoni enembe kakhudlwana nokuqoshwa okunengqondo kakhulu kunanoma iyiphi isistimu engiyakhile kusukela ngaqala ukubhala i-Stereophile.
I-Dynavector DV-20X2 Selokhu ngayibuyekeza kokuthi Amaphupho E-Gramophone #10, alikho ikhasethi ekamelweni lami elidlale amadiski amaningi kuno-$1,250 isidlali esiguqukayo seDynavector DV-20X2.Ngichithe amakhulu wamahora ngiyidlala okungenani kuma-turntable ayishumi nambili.Idlala ngendlela engiwathanda ngayo ama-turntable cartridges: acwebile, ayashesha, futhi ahlakaniphile.Une-mojo-vivo eyanele yokwenza ukuqoshwa okunomdlandla okudlulayo okubukhali namashothi, konke kuyilapho ekhululeke ngokuphelele.Kuleli phuzu lentengo, ama-cartridge ambalwa angenza kokubili.Abantu abaningi abakwazi futhi.
Ngisho naso sonke isikhathi esichithiwe, i-20X2 isakwazi ukukhiqiza ngaphandle komzamo umculo oqhumayo kodwa ophumuzayo, idale kabusha ngokwethembeka okurekhodiwe okuhamba phambili nokudume kakhulu ngonjiniyela wenkundla u-David Lewiston: Golden Rain LP “Ketjak: Ramayana Monkey Chant” (LP Nonesuch Explorer ).H72028).Izinguquko ezinamandla zezindela ezingama-200 ezicula ngokuhlanganyela zazimangalisa, nakuba ngangazi ukuthi sezizoqhuma ngesililo sika-'tak'.Izindela egcekeni zihlelwe zibe yiziyingi ezigxile, okuqondakalayo uma uthi nhla.Ezindimeni ezithule, iso lengqondo yami lithanda ukukhomba indawo yezindela ezicula emaphethelweni akude ale mibuthano.Lapho izindela ziyeka ukumemeza, umsindo ozwakala egcekeni wangenza ngabona futhi ngizwe ukuba khona kwazo.Amakhatriji analeli zinga lokuqonda awavamile kuleli zinga lentengo.
Ngaso sonke isikhathi uma ngidlala i-“Monkey Chant” ne-Dynavector 20X2 MC, i-Sutherland SUTZ, kanye nesiteji sephono ye-SunValley SV EQ1616D, ngangithuswa futhi ngimangazwe ukucaca okumsulwa, isivinini sombani, namandla ngaphandle kokungabaza.izikhathi ezidlulayo zenzeka ngamazwi ahlukile nabukhali anezikhala phakathi kwamazwi omculi.Kimi, lolu uhlobo olusha lwe-wow!Isikhashana: Ulwazi lwamanje lwediski luthuthukiswa ngobuhle ngamashubhu e-SunValley.
U-Dynavector XX-2 MKII u-Chad Stelly ujabule nami embhalweni mayelana “nokusebenzisana okumangalisayo” kwe-Dynavector XX-2 MKII dynamics ne-Sutherland SUTZ, ngakho ngithinte uMike e-Toffco, umsabalalisi we-Dynavector wase-US, uPrank (umbhalo waphansi 4), oqinisekisayo. Ukuqaphela kukaChad ukuthi i-$2,150 XX-2 MKII cishe “iyindawo yegolide” kulayini we-cartridge ye-Dynavector.Lesi yisikhathi esijabulisa kakhulu seDynavector.
Ngisakhangwa ama-cartridges e-Dynavector ngenxa yokusho kwawo ukuthi agxilisa uhlelo lobunjiniyela kumnyombo wenkinga: idizayini yesekethe kazibuthe.Iwebhusayithi yabo iyachaza: “Izibalo nokuhlola kwethu kubonise ukuthi ngisho nokuguquguquka okuncane kakhulu kokuguquguquka kungabangela izinguquko kumandla kazibuthe esikhaleni somoya, ngaleyo ndlela kuthinte ukuhlanekezelwa kwe-intermodulation yesiginali ephumayo.”5 omazibuthe esikhundleni se-samarium-cobalt noma i-neodymium-boron.Inhloso ebekiwe ye-Dynavector's "flux damping" enegunya lobunikazi "kanye nenkundla kazibuthe ethambile" ukunciphisa "ukuguquguquka okungafuneki kazibuthe".
Ngokusho kwesizindalwazi se-Dynavector, i-XX-2 MKII isebenzisa omagnethi be-Alnico 5 (umbhalo waphansi we-5) njengoba inobukhulu obunamandla kazibuthe okuthi, uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo zikazibuthe, “ikhiqize inkambu kazibuthe ezinzile futhi ngaleyo ndlela igcine umphumela ozinzile. i-voltage"..
I-XX-2 MKII ine-low (6 ohm) ukumelana kwangaphakathi kanye ne-voltage ephumayo ephansi ye-0.28 mV.I-motor yayo ifakwe endlini eqinile ye-7075 aluminium futhi i-cartridge inesisindo esingu-9.2 amagremu.Ukuthobelana kucaciswe kokuthi 10 µm/mN futhi i-Dynavector incoma umthwalo ophansi (30 ohms).
I-20X2 isebenzisa i-MicroRidge stylus evulekile ku-dural tube cantilever, kuyilapho i-XX-2, i-cartridge eshibhe kunazo zonke kulayini we-Dynavector, isebenzisa i-boron cantilever eqinile ene-Pathfinder stylus enokuxhumana komugqa ongu-7×30 µm ekugcineni.Mina Uma ngikhumbula kahle, leli yidayimane le-Ogura elifanayo elasetshenziswa uLyra noKoetsu.
Umbhalo waphansi wesi-3: Ukunquma ngobuchwepheshe inzuzo ye-transimpedance phono stage akunzima: kuyafana njengokujwayelekile, isilinganiso se-voltage ephumayo kuya ku-voltage yokufaka noma okukhiphayo wamanje kuya kokufakwayo kwamanje - khetha eyodwa yazo.Kodwa lelo akulona inani lenzalo lesiteji sephono yokokufaka kwamanje, umsebenzi waso kuwukuguqula isimanje ku-voltage.Ngomshini onjalo, isifaniso se-step-up transformer singenakuvinjelwa, okungenzeka ukuthi kungani uRon Sutherland enquma ukubiza lo mkhiqizo nge-SUTZ: ingabhekwa njengohlobo olusha lwe-transformer-up-up, ngisho noma ingeyona i-transformer evamile. umqondo.Kungani u-Z ekugcineni?Mhlawumbe ngenxa yokuthi indlela engokwemvelo yokuveza idivayisi ye-transimpedance isilinganiso se-voltage ephumayo ukuya ku-input current, enamayunithi okuvimbela, ngokuvamile achazwa ngohlamvu Z. – Jim Austin Jun 30 '11 ngo-12:00
Umbhalo waphansi wesi-4: Dynavector Systems Ltd., 3-2-7 Higashi-Kanda Chiyoda-ku Tokyo 101-0031 Japan.Ucingo: +81 (0) 3-3861-4341.Iwebhusayithi: www.dynavector.com US Distributor: Toffco, 2020 Washington Ave., Unit 314, St. Louis, MO 63103. Ucingo: (314) 454-9966.I-URL: dynavector-usa.com
Umbhalo waphansi wesi-5: Izinombolo ezingemva kuka-“Alnico” zibhekisela kuma-alloys akhethekile e-aluminium, nickel, i-cobalt, ithusi nensimbi.I-Alnico 5 inothe kakhulu nge-cobalt futhi inozibuthe kakhudlwana kunamanye ama-alnico alloys.Noma ngabe yikuphi, iziginci zikagesi ezinama-pickup asuselwa ku-Alnico 5 zinezimo ezihlanzekile ezidlulayo kanye nethoni ekhanyayo.- UJim Austin
I-$3,800 yesiteji sephono sekhwalithi ephezulu, esingcono kakhulu kunethegi yentengo engu-$89,000 emangalisayo yesiteji sephono se-CH Precision P1 esibuyekezwe ngesonto eledlule.Futhi lokho "kungazwakala" kungcono nakakhulu ngentengo engu-24.
Ngingathanda ukuqonda ukuthi isiteji sephono se-transimpedance singazwakala kanjani sivulekile futhi sinomoya uma silayishwa ngekhatriji le-impedance ephansi kangaka.Iminyaka yokuhlangenwe nakho ngezigaba zephono zendabuko ingifundise ukuthi ukulayisha ngaphansi okungafanele kungamisa umsindo we-cartridge.Kungani lokhu kungenzeki ngezigaba zephono ze-transimpedance?
Kucabange njengokusebenza kwezipikha ze-impedance eziphansi kakhulu, zidweba/zidonse okwamanje kakhulu ku-amplifier, masibhekane nakho, izipikha ezishayelwa kalula zivame ukuba nombala okhanyayo kunezipikha ze-impedance eziphansi.
Silayishe i-Supex SD900 ngo-1000 ohm, 500 ohm, 100 ohm, 50 ohm no-10 ohm, umsindo ohlanzekile nowohloka kakhulu uwu-10 ohm, kodwa udinga ukuzuza okuphezulu futhi "kungaba" umsindo uma iklanywe ngokungalungile.