I-AISI 304/304L isakhi samakhemikhali seshubhu yensimbi engenasici, Ukwenza ngcono amapharamitha we-Folding Wing Spring Ukusebenzisa i-Honeybee Algorithm

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I-AISI 304/304L I-Stainless steel capillary coiled tubing

Ikhoyili yensimbi engagqwali ye-AISI 304 iwumkhiqizo oyinhloso yonke futhi imelana kahle kakhulu futhi ifanele ukusetshenziswa okunhlobonhlobo okudinga ukwakheka okuhle nokushisela.

I-Sheye Metal stock stocks 304 coil in 0.3mm to 16mm thick and 2B finish, BA finish, No.4 finish ahlala etholakala.

Eceleni kwezinhlobo ezintathu zezindawo ezingaphezulu, ikhoyili yensimbi engagqwali engu-304 ingalethwa ngeziphetho ezihlukene zangaphezulu.Ibanga lama-304 elingenasici liqukethe kokubili i-Cr (imvamisa engu-18%) kanye ne-nickel (imvamisa engu-8%) njengezinsimbi eziyinhloko okungezona ezensimbi.

Lolu hlobo lwamakhoyili ngokuvamile insimbi engagqwali ye-austenitic, ingeyomndeni ojwayelekile we-Cr-Ni yensimbi engagqwali.

Ngokuvamile zisetshenziselwa izimpahla zasendlini nezabathengi, okokusebenza kwasekhishini, ukuvala kwangaphakathi nangaphandle, ama-handrails, namafreyimu amafasitela, okokusebenza kwemboni yokudla neziphuzo, amathangi okugcina.

Kulolu cwaningo, ukwakheka kwe-torsion kanye neziphethu zokucindezelwa kwendlela yokugoqa amaphiko esetshenziswa ku-rocket kuthathwa njengenkinga yokwenza kahle.Ngemva kokuba i-rocket ishiya ithubhu yokuqalisa, amaphiko avaliwe kufanele avulwe futhi avikeleke isikhathi esithile.Inhloso yocwaningo bekuwukukhulisa amandla agcinwe eziphethwini ukuze amaphiko akwazi ukutshala ngesikhathi esifushane kakhulu.Kulesi simo, i-equation yamandla kukho kokubili ukushicilelwa kwachazwa njengomsebenzi wenhloso enqubweni yokuthuthukisa.Ububanzi bentambo, ububanzi bekhoyili, inombolo yamakhoyili, nemingcele yokuchezuka edingekayo ekwakhiweni kwentwasahlobo kuchazwe njengokuguquguqukayo kokuthuthukisa.Kukhona imingcele yejometri eziguquguqukayo ngenxa yobukhulu bomshini, kanye nemingcele yesici sokuphepha ngenxa yomthwalo owenziwe yiziphethu.I-algorithm ye-honey bee (BA) yasetshenziswa ukuxazulula le nkinga yokwenza nokwenza umklamo wasentwasahlobo.Amanani wamandla atholwe nge-BA aphezulu kunalawo atholwe ezifundweni zangaphambilini ze-Design of Experiments (DOE).Iziphethu nezindlela eziklanywe kusetshenziswa amapharamitha atholwe ekuthuthukisweni kwahlaziywa okokuqala kuhlelo lwe-ADAMS.Ngemva kwalokho, ukuhlolwa kokuhlola kwenziwa ngokuhlanganisa iziphethu ezikhiqiziwe zibe izindlela zangempela.Njengomphumela wokuhlolwa, kwabonakala ukuthi amaphiko avuleka ngemva kwama-millisecond angaba ngu-90.Leli nani lingaphansi kakhulu kokuhlosiwe kwephrojekthi okungu-200ms.Ngaphezu kwalokho, umehluko phakathi kwemiphumela yokuhlaziya neyokuhlola yi-16 ms kuphela.
Ezindizeni nasezimotweni zasolwandle, izindlela zokugoqa zibalulekile.Lawa masistimu asetshenziswa ekulungiseni nasekuguquleni indiza ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza nokulawula indiza.Kuye nge-flight mode, amaphiko ayagoqa futhi avuleke ngendlela ehlukile ukuze kuncishiswe umthelela we-aerodynamic1.Lesi simo singafaniswa nokunyakaza kwamaphiko ezinye izinyoni nezinambuzane phakathi nokundiza kwansuku zonke nokutshuza.Ngokufanayo, izilayidi ziyagoqa futhi zivuleke kuma-submersibles ukuze kuncishiswe imiphumela ye-hydrodynamic futhi kukhuliswe ukuphatha3.Enye futhi inhloso yalezi zindlela ukuhlinzeka ngezinzuzo ze-volumetric ezinhlelweni ezifana nokugoqwa kwendiza enophephela emhlane 4 ukuze igcinwe futhi ithuthwe.Amaphiko e-rocket nawo ayagoqa ukuze kuncishiswe indawo yokugcina.Ngakho-ke, imicibisholo eminingi ingafakwa endaweni encane yesiqalisi 5. Izingxenye ezisetshenziswa ngempumelelo ekugoqeni nasekuvulekeni ngokuvamile ziyiziphethu.Ngesikhathi sokugoqa, amandla agcinwa kuwo futhi akhululwe ngesikhathi sokwembuleka.Ngenxa yesakhiwo sayo esivumelana nezimo, amandla agcinwe futhi akhululwa ayalingana.Intwasahlobo yakhelwe kakhulu uhlelo, futhi lo mklamo uveza inkinga yokuthuthukisa6.Ngoba nakuba ihlanganisa okuguquguqukayo okuhlukahlukene okufana nobubanzi bentambo, ububanzi bekhoyili, inombolo yokujika, i-engeli ye-helix nohlobo lwempahla, kukhona futhi imibandela efana nobukhulu, ivolumu, ukusabalalisa kokucindezeleka okuncane noma ukutholakala kwamandla aphezulu7.
Lolu cwaningo lunikeza ukukhanya ekwakhiweni nasekusetshenzisweni kahle kweziphethu zezindlela zokugoqa amaphiko ezisetshenziswa ezinhlelweni zamarokhethi.Njengoba ingaphakathi kweshubhu lokuqalisa ngaphambi kokundiza, amaphiko ahlala egoqiwe ebusweni berokhethi, futhi ngemva kokuphuma eshubhuni lokuqalisa, avuleke isikhathi esithile futhi ahlale ecindezelwe phezulu.Le nqubo ibalulekile ekusebenzeni kahle kwe-rocket.Kumshini wokugoqa othuthukisiwe, ukuvulwa kwamaphiko kwenziwa yiziphethu ze-torsion, futhi ukukhiya kwenziwa ngemithombo yokucindezela.Ukuklama intwasahlobo efanelekile, inqubo yokwenza kahle kufanele yenziwe.Ngaphakathi kokusebenza kahle kwentwasahlobo, kunezinhlelo zokusebenza ezahlukahlukene ezincwadini.
U-Paredes et al.8 uchaze isici sempilo yokukhathala esiphezulu njengomsebenzi onenjongo womklamo wemithombo ye-helical futhi wasebenzisa indlela ye-quasi-Newtonian njengendlela yokuthuthukisa.Okuguquguqukayo ekuthuthukiseni kukhonjwe njengobubanzi bentambo, ububanzi bekhoyili, inani lokuphenduka, nobude bentwasahlobo.Enye ipharamitha yesakhiwo sentwasahlobo yizinto ezenziwe ngazo.Ngakho-ke, lokhu kwacatshangelwa ezifundweni zokuklama nokwenza kahle.Zebdi et al.I-9 ibeke imigomo yokuqina okuphezulu kanye nesisindo esincane emsebenzini wenhloso ocwaningweni lwabo, lapho isici sesisindo sasibalulekile.Kulokhu, bachaza izinto zasentwasahlobo kanye nezakhiwo zejometri njengeziguquko.Basebenzisa i-algorithm yofuzo njengendlela yokwenza kahle.Embonini yezimoto, isisindo sezinto ziwusizo ngezindlela eziningi, kusukela ekusebenzeni kwemoto kuya ekusetshenzisweni kukaphethiloli.Ukunciphisa isisindo ngenkathi kulungiswa amakhoyili ama-coil springs ukuze amiswe wucwaningo olwaziwayo10.I-Bahshesh ne-Bahshesh11 zihlonze izinto ezifana ne-E-glass, i-carbon ne-Kevlar njengokuguquguqukayo emsebenzini wabo endaweni ye-ANSYS ngenhloso yokuzuza isisindo esincane namandla amakhulu okudonsa emiklameni ehlukahlukene ehlanganisiwe yentwasahlobo yokumiswa.Inqubo yokukhiqiza ibalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kweziphethu ezihlanganisiwe.Ngakho, okuguquguqukayo okuhlukahlukene kuyangena enkingeni yokuthuthukisa, njengendlela yokukhiqiza, izinyathelo ezithathiwe kunqubo, kanye nokulandelana kwalezo zinyathelo12,13.Lapho uklama iziphethu zezinhlelo eziguquguqukayo, amaza emvelo wesistimu kufanele acatshangelwe.Kunconywa ukuthi imvamisa yokuqala yemvelo yasentwasahlobo ibe okungenani izikhathi ezingu-5-10 imvamisa yemvelo yesistimu ukugwema i-resonance14.Taktak et al.7 yanquma ukunciphisa isisindo sentwasahlobo futhi yandise imvamisa yokuqala yemvelo njengemisebenzi eqondile kumklamo wentwasahlobo wekhoyili.Basebenzise ukusesha kwephethini, indawo yangaphakathi, isethi esebenzayo, nezindlela zofuzo ze-algorithm ethuluzini lokuthuthukisa iMatlab.Ucwaningo lokuhlaziya luyingxenye yocwaningo lokuklama kwentwasahlobo, futhi Indlela ye-Finite Element idumile kule ndawo15.U-Patil et al.16 uthuthukise indlela yokuthuthukisa yokunciphisa isisindo se-compression helical spring esebenzisa inqubo yokuhlaziya futhi wahlola izibalo zokuhlaziya kusetshenziswa indlela yesici esilinganiselwe.Esinye isici sokwandisa ukusebenza kwentwasahlobo ukwanda kwamandla engakwazi ukuwagcina.Leli cala liphinde liqinisekise ukuthi intwasahlobo igcina ukusetshenziswa kwayo isikhathi eside.U-Rahul no-Rameshkumar17 Funa ukunciphisa umthamo wasentwasahlobo futhi ukhuphule amandla emiklamo ye-coil spring spring.Baphinde basebenzise ama-algorithms wofuzo ocwaningweni lokuthuthukisa.
Njengoba kubonakala, amapharamitha ocwaningweni lokuthuthukisa ayahluka kusistimu nesistimu.Ngokuvamile, ukuqina kanye nemingcele yokucindezeleka kwe-shear kubalulekile ohlelweni lapho umthwalo owuthwalayo uyisici esinqumayo.Ukukhethwa kwezinto kufakwe ohlelweni lomkhawulo wesisindo ngalezi mingcele ezimbili.Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amaza emvelo ayahlolwa ukuze kugwenywe ama-resonance kumasistimu aguquguquka kakhulu.Kumasistimu lapho umsebenzi ubalulekile, amandla akhuliswa.Ezifundweni zokuthuthukisa, nakuba i-FEM isetshenziselwa izifundo zokuhlaziya, kungabonakala ukuthi ama-algorithms e-metaheuristic afana ne-algorithm yofuzo14,18 kanye ne-algorithm ye-grey wolf19 asetshenziswa kanye nendlela yakudala ye-Newton ngaphakathi kohlu lwamapharamitha athile.Ama-algorithms we-Metaheuristic athuthukisiwe ngokusekelwe ezindleleni zokujwayela zemvelo ezisondela esimweni esilungile ngesikhathi esifushane, ikakhulukazi ngaphansi kwethonya labantu20,21.Ngokusatshalaliswa okungahleliwe kwesibalo sabantu endaweni yokusesha, bagwema ukulunga kwendawo futhi badlulele ku-global optima22.Ngakho-ke, eminyakeni yamuva ivame ukusetshenziswa kumongo wezinkinga zangempela zezimboni23,24.
Icala elibucayi lomshini wokugoqa owenziwe kulolu cwaningo ukuthi amaphiko, ayesendaweni evaliwe ngaphambi kokundiza, avula isikhathi esithile ngemva kokushiya ishubhu.Ngemva kwalokho, isici sokukhiya sivimba iphiko.Ngakho-ke, iziphethu azithinti ngokuqondile i-flight dynamics.Kulesi simo, inhloso yokuthuthukisa kwakuwukukhulisa amandla agciniwe ukuze kusheshiswe ukunyakaza kwentwasahlobo.Ububanzi beroli, ububanzi bentambo, inombolo yamaroli nokuchezuka kuchazwe njengemingcele yokwenza kahle.Ngenxa yobukhulu obuncane bentwasahlobo, isisindo sasingabhekwa njengomgomo.Ngakho-ke, uhlobo lwempahla luchazwa njengolulungisiwe.Imajini yokuphepha yokukhubazeka kwemishini inqunywa njengomkhawulo obalulekile.Ngaphezu kwalokho, izithiyo zosayizi oguquguqukayo zihilelekile kububanzi bomshini.Indlela ye-BA metaheuristic yakhethwa njengendlela yokuthuthukisa.I-BA yathandwa ngenxa yesakhiwo sayo esivumelana nezimo futhi esilula, kanye nokuthuthuka kwayo ocwaningweni lokusebenzisa imishini25.Engxenyeni yesibili yocwaningo, izinkulumo zezibalo ezinemininingwane zifakiwe kuhlaka lomklamo oyisisekelo kanye nomklamo wasentwasahlobo wendlela yokugoqa.Ingxenye yesithathu iqukethe i-algorithm yokwenza kahle nemiphumela yokwenza kahle.Isahluko sesi-4 senza ukuhlaziya ohlelweni lwe-ADAMS.Ukufaneleka kwemithombo kuyahlaziywa ngaphambi kokukhiqiza.Isigaba sokugcina siqukethe imiphumela yokuhlolwa nezithombe zokuhlola.Imiphumela etholwe ocwaningweni iphinde yaqhathaniswa nomsebenzi wangaphambili wababhali besebenzisa indlela ye-DOE.
Amaphiko athuthukiswe kulolu cwaningo kufanele asonge abheke phezulu kwerokhethi.Amaphiko azungeza ukusuka endaweni egoqiwe ukuya endaweni engavuleki.Kulokhu, kwasungulwa indlela ekhethekile.Emkhiwaneni.I-1 ikhombisa ukucushwa okugoqiwe nokungavumbuliwe5 ohlelweni lokuxhumanisa i-rocket.
Emkhiwaneni.2 ikhombisa umbono wesigaba sendlela.Lo mshini uqukethe izingxenye eziningana eziwumshini: (1) umzimba oyinhloko, (2) i-wing shaft, (3) i-bearing, (4) umzimba wokukhiya, (5) ihlathi lokukhiya, (6) iphini lokumisa, (7) i-torsion spring kanye ( 8) iziphethu zokucindezela.Umphini wephiko (2) uxhunywe esiphethwini esinyakazayo (7) ngomkhono wokukhiya (4).Zontathu izingxenye zizungeza kanyekanye ngemva kokusuka kwerokhethi.Ngalokhu kunyakaza okujikelezayo, amaphiko aphendukela endaweni yawo yokugcina.Ngemva kwalokho, iphinikhodi (6) icutshungulwa isiphethu sokucindezela (8), ngaleyo ndlela ivimbe yonke indlela yomzimba wokukhiya (4)5.
I-Elastic modulus (E) kanye ne-shear modulus (G) yimingcele eyinhloko yedizayini yasentwasahlobo.Kulolu cwaningo, i-high carbon spring steel wire (intambo yomculo i-ASTM A228) ikhethwe njengento yasentwasahlobo.Amanye amapharamitha yi-wire diameter (d), i-avareji yobubanzi bekhoyili (Dm), inombolo yamakhoyili (N) kanye nokuchezuka kwentwasahlobo (xd yeziphethu zokuminyanisa kanye no-θ wama-torsion springs)26.Amandla agciniwe eziphethu zokucindezela \({(SE}_{x})\) kanye ne-torsion (\({SE}_{\theta}\))) angabalwa kusukela kuzibalo.(1) kanye (2)26.(Inani le-shear modulus (G) lentwasahlobo yokuminyanisa lingu-83.7E9 Pa, futhi inani elinwebekayo lemodulus (E) lentwasahlobo ye-torsion lingu-203.4E9 Pa.)
Ubukhulu bemishini yesistimu bunquma ngokuqondile izithiyo zejometri zentwasahlobo.Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimo lapho i-rocket izotholakala khona kufanele futhi zicatshangelwe.Lezi zici zinquma imingcele yemingcele yasentwasahlobo.Omunye umkhawulo obalulekile yisici sokuphepha.Incazelo yesici sokuphepha ichazwa ngokuningiliziwe ngu-Shigley et al.26.Isici sokuphepha esiminyaniswayo sasentwasahlobo (i-SFC) sichazwa njengobukhulu bokucindezeleka obuvumelekile obuhlukaniswa ingcindezi ngobude obuqhubekayo.I-SFC ingabalwa kusetshenziswa izibalo.(3), (4), (5) kanye (6)26.(Okwezinto zasentwasahlobo ezisetshenziswe kulolu cwaningo, \({S}_{sy}=980 MPa\)).U-F umele amandla ku-equation futhi i-KB imele isici se-Bergstrasser esingu-26.
I-torsion safety factor of a spring (SFT) ichazwa ngokuthi u-M ehlukaniswa ngo-k.I-SFT ingabalwa kusukela kuzibalo.(7), (8), (9) kanye (10)26.(Okwezinto ezisetshenziswe kulolu cwaningo, \({S}_{y}=1600 \mathrm{MPa}\)).Ku-equation, u-M usetshenziselwa i-torque, \({k}^{^{\prime}}\) isetshenziselwa ukungaguquguquki kwentwasahlobo (i-torque/rotation), kanti u-Ki usetshenziselwa ukulungisa ukucindezeleka.
Umgomo oyinhloko wokuthuthukisa kulolu cwaningo ukukhulisa amandla entwasahlobo.Umsebenzi wenhloso yakhelwe ukuthola \(\overrightarrow{\{X\}}\) eyenza ibe nkulu \(f(X)\).\({f}_{1}(X)\) kanye \({f}_{2}(X)\) yimisebenzi yamandla yokucindezelwa kanye nentwasahlobo ye-torsion, ngokulandelanayo.Okuguquguqukayo okubaliwe kanye nemisebenzi esetshenziselwa ukulungiselelwa kukhonjiswe ezibalweni ezilandelayo.
Izithiyo ezihlukahlukene ezibekwe ekwakhiweni kwentwasahlobo zinikezwa kulezi zibalo ezilandelayo.Izibalo (15) kanye (16) zimelela izici zokuphepha zokuminyanisa neziphethu ze-torsion, ngokulandelanayo.Kulolu cwaningo, i-SFC kufanele ibe nkulu noma ilingane no-1.2 futhi i-SFT kufanele ibe nkulu noma ilingane no-θ26.
I-BA igqugquzelwe ngamasu ezinyosi okufuna impova27.Izinyosi zifuna ngokuthumela amafolishi engeziwe emasimini empova avundile kanye namafolishi ambalwa emasimini empova angavundile.Ngakho, ukusebenza kahle okukhulu okuvela kubantu bezinyosi kufinyelelwa.Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izinyosi ze-scout ziyaqhubeka nokubheka izindawo ezintsha zempova, futhi uma kunezindawo ezikhiqizayo kakhulu kunangaphambili, abafolishi abaningi bazoqondiswa kule ndawo entsha28.I-BA iqukethe izingxenye ezimbili: ukusesha kwendawo kanye nokusesha komhlaba jikelele.Ukusesha kwasendaweni kubheka imiphakathi eminingi eduze nobuncane (amasayithi akhethekile), njengezinyosi, futhi okuncane kwamanye amasayithi (amasayithi alungile noma afakiwe).Ukusesha okungenasisekelo kwenziwa engxenyeni yokusesha yomhlaba wonke, futhi uma amanani amahle etholakala, iziteshi ziyiswa engxenyeni yokusesha yendawo ekuphindaphindweni okulandelayo.I-algorithm iqukethe amapharamitha athile: inombolo yezinyosi ze-scout (n), inombolo yamasayithi okusesha asendaweni (m), inani lamasayithi akhethekile (e), inani lamaforamu ezindaweni eziphakeme (nep), inani lamaforamu izindawo ezifanele.Isayithi (nsp), usayizi wendawo (ngh), nenombolo yokuphindaphinda (I)29.I-BA pseudocode ikhonjiswe kuMfanekiso 3.
I-algorithm izama ukusebenza phakathi kuka-\({g}_{1}(X)\) no-\({g}_{2}(X)\).Njengomphumela wokuphindaphinda ngakunye, amanani alungile ayanqunywa futhi inani labantu liqoqwa kulawa manani ngomzamo wokuthola amanani angcono kakhulu.Imikhawulo ibhekwa esigabeni sokusesha sasendaweni nesomhlaba jikelele.Ekusesheni kwendawo, uma lezi zici zifanelekile, inani lamandla liyabalwa.Uma inani lamandla elisha likhulu kunevelu elilungile, yabela inani elisha kunani elilungile.Uma inani elingcono kakhulu elitholakala kumphumela wosesho likhulu kunento yamanje, into entsha izofakwa eqoqweni.Umdwebo webhulokhi wokusesha kwendawo ukhonjiswe kuMfanekiso 4.
Inani labantu lingelinye lamapharamitha abalulekile ku-BA.Kungabonwa ocwaningweni lwangaphambilini ukuthi ukwandisa inani labantu kunciphisa inani lokuphindaphinda okudingekayo futhi kukhulisa amathuba empumelelo.Nokho, inani lokuhlola ukusebenza nalo liyakhula.Ukuba khona kwenani elikhulu lezindawo eziphakeme akuthinti kakhulu ukusebenza.Inani lamasayithi elite lingaba phansi uma lingeyena u-zero30.Ubukhulu besibalo sezinyosi ze-scout (n) kuvame ukukhethwa phakathi kuka-30 no-100. Kulolu cwaningo, zombili izimo ze-30 kanye ne-50 zaqhutshwa ukuze kunqunywe inombolo efanelekile (Ithebula 2).Amanye amapharamitha anqunywa kuye ngenani labantu.Inani lezindawo ezikhethiwe (m) (licishe) lingama-25% osayizi wabantu, futhi inani lezindawo eziphakeme (e) phakathi kwezindawo ezikhethiwe zingama-25% we-m.Inombolo yezinyosi eziphakelayo (inombolo yokusesha) yakhethwa ukuthi ibe yi-100 yeziza eziphakeme kanye nama-30 kwezinye iziza zendawo.Ukusesha komakhelwane kuwumqondo oyisisekelo wawo wonke ama-algorithms wokuziphendukela kwemvelo.Kulolu cwaningo, kusetshenziswe indlela yomakhelwane be-tapering.Le ndlela inciphisa usayizi wendawo ngesilinganiso esithile phakathi nokuphindaphinda ngakunye.Eziphindaphindweni ezizayo, amanani omakhelwane amancane30 angasetshenziselwa ukusesha okunembe kakhudlwana.
Kusimo ngasinye, ukuhlolwa okuyishumi okulandelanayo kwenziwa ukuze kuhlolwe ukukhiqizwa kabusha kwe-algorithm yokwenza kahle.Emkhiwaneni.5 ikhombisa imiphumela yokwenziwa kahle kwe-torsion spring yohlelo 1, nakufig.6 – ngohlelo 2. Idatha yokuhlolwa iphinde inikezwe kumathebula 3 no-4 (ithebula eliqukethe imiphumela etholiwe yentwasahlobo yokucindezela liku-Supplementary Information S1).Inani lezinyosi liqinisa ukusesha kwamanani amahle ekuphindaphindweni kokuqala.Esimeni soku-1, imiphumela yokuhlolwa okuthile ibingaphansi komkhawulo.Kusimo sesi-2, kungabonakala ukuthi yonke imiphumela yokuthuthukisa isondela kumkhawulo ngenxa yokwanda kwenani labantu kanye neminye imingcele efanele.Kungabonakala ukuthi amanani ku-Scenario 2 anele i-algorithm.
Lapho kutholwa inani eliphezulu lamandla ekuphindaphindeni, into yokuphepha nayo inikezwa njengesivimbelo socwaningo.Bheka ithebula ukuze uthole isici sokuphepha.Amanani wamandla atholwe kusetshenziswa i-BA aqhathaniswa nalawo atholwe kusetshenziswa indlela ye-DOE engu-5 kuThebula 5. (Ukuze kwenziwe kalula, inani lokujika (N) lentwasahlobo ye-torsion lingu-4.9 esikhundleni sika-4.88, futhi ukuchezuka (xd ) ingu-8 mm esikhundleni sika-7.99 mm entwasahlobo yokucindezela.) Kuyabonakala ukuthi i-BA ingumphumela ongcono.I-BA ihlola wonke amanani ngokubheka kwasendaweni nokomhlaba.Ngale ndlela angazama ezinye izindlela ngokushesha.
Kulolu cwaningo, i-Adams yasetshenziselwa ukuhlaziya ukunyakaza komshini wephiko.U-Adams unikezwa kuqala imodeli ye-3D yomshini.Bese uchaza intwasahlobo ngamapharamitha akhethiwe esigabeni sangaphambilini.Ngaphezu kwalokho, amanye amapharamitha adinga ukuchazwa ukuze kuhlaziywe kwangempela.Lawa amapharamitha aphathekayo afana nokuxhumana, izakhiwo zezinto ezibonakalayo, ukuthintana, ukungqubuzana, namandla adonsela phansi.Kukhona ukuhlangana okujikelezayo phakathi kwe-blade shaft kanye ne-bearing.Kunamajoyinti angama-5-6 angama-cylindrical.Kunamajoyinti angama-5-1 angaguquki.Umzimba oyinhloko wenziwe ngezinto ze-aluminium futhi zilungisiwe.Impahla yezinye izingxenye insimbi.Khetha i-coefficient of friction, ukuqina kokuxhumana kanye nokujula kokungena kwendawo yokushayisana kuye ngohlobo lwento.(insimbi engagqwali i-AISI 304) Kulolu cwaningo, ipharamitha ebalulekile yisikhathi sokuvula somshini wephiko, okumele kube ngaphansi kwama-200 ms.Ngakho-ke, gcina iso isikhathi sokuvula iphiko ngesikhathi sokuhlaziya.
Njengomphumela wokuhlaziya kuka-Adams, isikhathi sokuvula somshini wephiko singama-millisecond angama-74.Imiphumela yokulingisa okuguquguqukayo ukusuka koku-1 kuye koku-4 ikhonjisiwe kuMfanekiso 7. Isithombe sokuqala Emfanekisweni.5 isikhathi sokuqala sokulingisa futhi amaphiko asesimweni sokulinda sokugoqa.(2) Ibonisa indawo yophiko ngemva kwama-40ms lapho iphiko selizungeza amadigri angu-43.(3) ikhombisa indawo yophiko ngemuva kwama-millisecond angama-71.Futhi esithombeni sokugcina (4) kukhombisa ukuphela kokuphenduka kwephiko kanye nendawo evulekile.Njengomphumela wokuhlaziya okuguquguqukayo, kubonwe ukuthi indlela yokuvula iphiko imfushane kakhulu kunevelu eqondiwe engu-200 ms.Ngaphezu kwalokho, lapho kulinganiswa iziphethu, imikhawulo yokuphepha yakhethwa kumanani aphezulu anconywe ezincwadini.
Ngemva kokuphothulwa kwazo zonke izifundo zokuklama, ukwenza kahle kanye nokulingisa, i-prototype yemishini yenziwa futhi yahlanganiswa.I-prototype ibe yahlolwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe imiphumela yokulingisa.Okokuqala vikela igobolondo elikhulu bese ugoqa amaphiko.Khona-ke amaphiko akhululwa endaweni egoqiwe futhi kwenziwa ividiyo yokuzungezisa amaphiko ukusuka endaweni egoqiwe kuya kwaleyo emisiwe.Isibali sikhathi siphinde sasetshenziswa ukuhlaziya isikhathi phakathi nokuqoshwa kwevidiyo.
Emkhiwaneni.I-8 ikhombisa amafreyimu wevidiyo anenombolo 1-4.Inombolo yohlaka 1 emfanekisweni ibonisa isikhathi sokukhululwa kwamaphiko agoqiwe.Lesi sikhathi sithathwa njengomzuzu wokuqala wesikhathi t0.Amafreyimu 2 kanye no-3 abonisa ukuma kwamaphiko 40 ms no-70 ms ngemva komzuzu wokuqala.Uma uhlaziya amafreyimu 3 kanye no-4, kungabonakala ukuthi ukunyakaza kwephiko kuzinza 90 ms ngemva kwe-t0, futhi ukuvulwa kwephiko kuqedwa phakathi kuka-70 no-90 ms.Lesi simo sisho ukuthi kokubili ukulingisa nokuhlolwa kwe-prototype kunikeza cishe isikhathi esifanayo sokuphakelwa kwephiko, futhi umklamo uhlangabezana nezidingo zokusebenza zendlela.
Kulesi sihloko, iziphethu ze-torsion kanye neziminyanisa ezisetshenziswa kumshini wokugoqa amaphiko zithuthukiswa kusetshenziswa i-BA.Amapharamitha angafinyelelwa ngokushesha ngokuphindaphinda okumbalwa.Intwasahlobo ye-torsion ilinganiselwe ku-1075 mJ futhi isiphethu sokucindezela silinganiselwe ku-37.24 mJ.Lawa manani angcono ngo-40-50% kunezifundo zangaphambilini ze-DOE.Intwasahlobo ihlanganiswe kumshini futhi ihlaziywe ohlelweni lwe-ADAMS.Lapho kuhlaziywa, kwatholakala ukuthi amaphiko avuleke phakathi kwama-millisecond angama-74.Leli nani lingaphansi kakhulu kokuhlosiwe kwephrojekthi okungu-200 millisecond.Ocwaningweni lokuhlola olwalandela, isikhathi sokuvula sikalwe ukuze sicishe sibe ngu-90 ms.Lo mehluko wama-millisecond angu-16 phakathi kokuhlaziya ungase ube ngenxa yezici zemvelo ezingamodeliwe kusofthiwe.Kukholakala ukuthi i-algorithm yokwenza kahle etholwe ngenxa yocwaningo ingasetshenziselwa imiklamo ehlukahlukene yasentwasahlobo.
Izinto zasentwasahlobo zazichazwe kusengaphambili futhi azizange zisetshenziswe njengokuguquguqukayo ekulungiseleleni.Njengoba izinhlobo eziningi ezahlukene zeziphethu zisetshenziswa ezindizeni nasemarokhethi, i-BA izosetshenziswa ukuklama ezinye izinhlobo zeziphethu kusetshenziswa izinto ezihlukene ukuze kuzuzwe umklamo omuhle wasentwasahlobo ocwaningweni oluzayo.
Simemezela ukuthi lo mbhalo wesandla ungowokuqala, awukaze ushicilelwe ngaphambilini, futhi okwamanje awucatshangelwa ukuthi ushicilelwe kwenye indawo.
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