Imigqa ye-hydraulic evamile isebenzisa iziphetho ezivuthayo eyodwa, ngokuvamile ezikhiqizwa kumazinga e-SAE-J525 noma e-ASTM-A513-T5, okunzima ukuwathola ekhaya.Ama-OEM afuna abahlinzeki basekhaya angafaka esikhundleni sepayipi elenziwe ku-SAE-J356A futhi livalwe ngezigxivizo zobuso be-O-ring njengoba kukhonjisiwe.Umugqa wokukhiqiza wangempela.
Inothi Lomhleli: Le ndatshana ingeyokuqala ochungechungeni olunezingxenye ezimbili emakethe kanye nokukhiqizwa kwemigqa yokudlulisa uketshezi yezinhlelo zokusebenza ezinengcindezi ephezulu.Ingxenye yokuqala idingida isimo sezisekelo zokuphakela zasekhaya nezangaphandle zemikhiqizo evamile.Isigaba sesibili sidingida imininingwane yemikhiqizo engajwayelekile eqondiswe kule makethe.
Umqedazwe we-COVID-19 ubangele izinguquko ebezingalindelekile ezimbonini eziningi, okuhlanganisa amaketango okuphakelwa kwamapayipi ensimbi kanye nezinqubo zokukhiqiza amapayipi.Kusukela ekupheleni konyaka ka-2019 kuze kube manje, imakethe yamapayipi ensimbi ibe nezinguquko ezinkulu kukho kokubili ukukhiqizwa kanye nokusebenza kwempahla.Umbuzo osekukudala wawusuphakathi nendawo.
Manje abasebenzi babaluleke kakhulu kunangaphambili.Lo bhubhane uyinkinga yabantu futhi ukubaluleka kwezempilo kushintshile ibhalansi phakathi komsebenzi, impilo yomuntu siqu nokuzilibazisa kwabaningi, uma kungenjalo konke.Isibalo sabasebenzi abanamakhono sehlile ngenxa yokuthatha umhlalaphansi, ukungakwazi kwabanye abasebenzi ukubuyela emsebenzini wabo omdala noma ukuthola umsebenzi omusha embonini efanayo, nezinye izici eziningi.Ezinsukwini zokuqala zalolu bhubhane, ukushoda kwezisebenzi kwakugxile kakhulu ezimbonini ezithembele emisebenzini ehamba phambili, njengokunakekelwa kwezokwelapha nokudayisa, kuyilapho abasebenzi abakhiqizayo beseholidini noma amahora abo okusebenza ehliswe kakhulu.Abakhiqizi njengamanje banenkinga yokuqasha nokugcina abasebenzi, okuhlanganisa nabasebenzi bemishini yamapayipi abanolwazi.Ukwenza amapayipi ngokuyinhloko kuwumsebenzi osebenza kanzima odinga ukusebenza kanzima esimweni sezulu esingalawuleki.Gqoka izinto zokuzivikela ezengeziwe (ezifana namamaski) ukuze unciphise ukutheleleka futhi ulandele imithetho eyengeziwe njengokugcina ibanga elingamafidi angu-6.Ibanga eliwumugqa ukusuka kwabanye, okwengeza ingcindezi emsebenzini osuvele unengcindezi.
Ukutholakala kwensimbi kanye nezindleko zezinto zokusetshenziswa zensimbi nakho kushintshile ngesikhathi sodlame.Insimbi iyingxenye ebiza kakhulu yamapayipi amaningi.Ngokuvamile, insimbi yenza u-50% wezindleko ngonyawo lomugqa wepayipi ngalinye.Kusukela ngekota yesine ka-2020, isilinganiso sentengo yeminyaka emithathu yensimbi egoqwe yasekhaya ebandayo e-US sasilinganiselwa ku-$800 ngethani.Amanani adlula ophahleni futhi angu-$2,200 ngethani ngalinye ekupheleni kuka-2021.
Yilezi zinto ezimbili kuphela ezizoshintsha phakathi nobhubhane, bazosabela kanjani abadlali emakethe yamapayipi?Lezi zinguquko zinamuphi umthelela ochungechungeni lokuhlinzekwa kwamapayipi, futhi yisiphi iseluleko esihle esikhona ngemboni kule nkinga?
Eminyakeni edlule, umphathi womshini wokugaya amapayipi ongumakadebona wafingqa indima yenkampani yakhe embonini: “Lapha senza izinto ezimbili: sakha amapayipi futhi siyawadayisa.”eziningi zifiphaza amanani ayisisekelo enkampani noma inkinga yesikhashana (noma konke lokhu kwenzeka ngesikhathi esisodwa, okuvame ukuba njalo).
Kubalulekile ukuthola nokugcina ukulawula ngokugxila kulokho okubaluleke ngempela: izici ezithinta ukukhiqizwa nokudayiswa kwamapayipi ekhwalithi.Uma imizamo yenkampani ingagxilile kule misebenzi emibili, yisikhathi sokubuyela ezintweni eziyisisekelo.
Njengoba ubhubhane lubhebhetheka, isidingo samapayipi kwezinye izimboni sehle sacishe sacishe safinyelela ku-zero.Izimboni zezimoto nezinkampani kwezinye izimboni ebezithathwa njengezincane bezingenzi lutho.Kunesikhathi lapho abaningi embonini babengawakhiqizi noma bawadayise amapayipi.Imakethe yamapayipi iyaqhubeka nokuba khona kumabhizinisi ambalwa abalulekile.
Ngenhlanhla, abantu banake amabhizinisi abo.Abanye abantu bathenga amafriji engeziwe ukuze bagcine ukudla.Ngokushesha ngemva kwalokho, imakethe yezindlu nezindlu yaqala ukukhula futhi abantu babevame ukuthenga izinto zikagesi ezimbalwa noma eziningi ezintsha lapho bethenga ikhaya, ngakho-ke womabili amathrendi asekela isidingo samapayipi amancane obubanzi.Imboni yemishini yasemapulazini isiqala ukuvuseleleka, njengoba bayanda abanikazi abafuna ogandaganda abancane noma imishini yokugunda utshani engenaziro.Imakethe yezimoto yabe isiqala kabusha, yize ihamba kancane ngenxa yokushoda kwama-chip nezinye izici.
Ilayisi.1. Amazinga e-SAE-J525 kanye ne-ASTM-A519 asungulwa njengokushintshwa okujwayelekile kwe-SAE-J524 kanye ne-ASTM-A513T5.Umehluko omkhulu ukuthi i-SAE-J525 ne-ASTM-A513T5 ashiselwe esikhundleni sokungena nekhono.Izinkinga zokuthenga ezifana nezinyanga eziyisithupha zokuhola ziye zadala amathuba eminye imikhiqizo emibili yamashubhu, i-SAE-J356 (ehlinzekwa njengeshubhu eliqondile) kanye ne-SAE-J356A (ehlinzekwa njengekhoyili), ehlangabezana nezidingo eziningi ezifanayo nezinye.imikhiqizo.
Imakethe ishintshile, kodwa ubuholi buhlala bufana.Ayikho into ebaluleke ukwedlula ukugxila ekukhiqizeni nasekudayiseni amapayipi ngokwesidingo semakethe.
Umbuzo wokwenza noma uthenge uphakama lapho umsebenzi wokukhiqiza ubhekene nezindleko eziphezulu zabasebenzi kanye nezinsiza zangaphakathi ezilungisiwe noma ezincishisiwe.
Ukukhiqizwa ngokushesha ngemva kokushiswa kwemikhiqizo yamapayipi kudinga izinsiza ezibalulekile.Kuye ngevolumu kanye nokukhiqizwa kwesigayo sensimbi, ngezinye izikhathi ukonga ukusika imichilo ebanzi ngaphakathi.Kodwa-ke, ukucutshungulwa kwangaphakathi kungaba umthwalo uma kubhekwa izidingo zomsebenzi, izimfuneko zemali zamathuluzi, kanye nezindleko zokusungula i-broadband.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukusika amathani angu-2 000 ngenyanga kanye nokubeka amathani angu-5,000 ensimbi kuthatha imali eningi.Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuthenga insimbi ye-cut-to-width ngesikhathi nje kudinga imali encane.Eqinisweni, uma kubhekwa ukuthi umkhiqizi wamapayipi angakwazi ukuxoxisana nemibandela yemali mboleko nomsiki, empeleni angakwazi ukuhlehlisa izindleko zemali.Umshini wokugaya amapayipi ngamunye uhlukile kulokhu, kodwa kuphephile ukusho ukuthi cishe wonke abakhiqizi bamapayipi bathintwa ubhubhane lwe-COVID-19 mayelana nokutholakala kwabasebenzi abanamakhono, izindleko zensimbi nokugeleza kwemali.
Okufanayo kuya ekukhiqizeni amapayipi ngokwawo, kuye ngezimo.Izinkampani ezinochungechunge lwenani olunegatsha zingaphuma ebhizinisini lokulawula.Esikhundleni sokwenza amashubhu, bese uyagoba, umboze, wenze amafindo nokuhlanganisa, thenga amashubhu futhi ugxile kweminye imisebenzi.
Izinkampani eziningi ezikhiqiza izingxenye ze-hydraulic noma izinyanda zamapayipi oketshezi lwezimoto zinezigayo zazo zamapayipi.Ezinye zalezi zitshalo manje ziyizikweletu kunempahla.Abathengi enkathini yobhubhane bavame ukushayela kancane futhi izibikezelo zokuthengiswa kwezimoto zikude namazinga angaphambi kobhubhane.Imakethe yezimoto ihlotshaniswa namagama angemahle njengokuvala shaqa, ukwehla komnotho okujulile kanye nokushoda.Kubakhiqizi bezimoto nabahlinzeki babo, asikho isizathu sokulindela ukuthi isimo sokuhlinzeka sizoshintsha sibe ngcono esikhathini esizayo esiseduze.Ngokuphawulekayo, inani elandayo lezimoto zikagesi kule makethe zinezingxenye ezimbalwa ze-steel tubing drivetrain.
Izigayo zamashubhu ezibambayo zivame ukwenziwa ukuze zi-odwe.Lokhu kuyinzuzo ngokwenhloso yabo ehlosiwe - ukwenza amapayipi ezicelo ezithile - kodwa kubi ngokwezinga lomnotho.Isibonelo, cabanga ngomshini wepayipi oklanyelwe ukukhiqiza imikhiqizo ye-OD engu-10 mm yomkhiqizo owaziwayo wezimoto.Uhlelo luqinisekisa izilungiselelo ngokusekelwe kuvolumu.Kamuva, kwanezelwa inqubo encane kakhulu kwelinye ishubhu enobubanzi obufanayo bangaphandle.Isikhathi sidlulile, uhlelo lwangempela luphelelwe yisikhathi, futhi inkampani ayizange ibe nevolumu eyanele yokuthethelela uhlelo lwesibili.Ukufaka nezinye izindleko ziphezulu kakhulu ukuthi zingakwazi ukuziphendulela.Kulokhu, uma inkampani ingathola umphakeli onekhono, kufanele izame ukukhipha iphrojekthi.
Yebo, izibalo azimi endaweni yokunqamuka.Izinyathelo zokuqeda ezinjengokumboza, ukusika ubude, nokupakisha kunezela kakhulu izindleko.Ngokuvamile kuthiwa izindleko ezinkulu ezifihliwe ekukhiqizeni ithubhu ukuphatha.Ukuhambisa amapayipi emshinini wokugaywa uwayise endaweni yokugcina izimpahla lapho athathwa khona eshede futhi alayishwe endaweni yokusika kahle bese amapayipi endlaleka ngokwezigaba ukuze amapayipi afakwe kumshini wokusika ngalinye ngesikhathi - konke lokhu Zonke izinyathelo. zidinga umsebenzi Lezi zindleko zabasebenzi zingase zingakutholi ukunakwa komcwaningi mabhuku, kodwa zizibonakalisa ngendlela yabashayeli be-forklift abengeziwe noma abasebenzi abengeziwe emnyangweni wokulethwa.
Ilayisi.2. Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali kwe-SAE-J525 kanye ne-SAE-J356A kucishe kufane, okusiza yakamuva ukuthi ithathele eyokuqala.
Amapayipi e-hydraulic abe khona izinkulungwane zeminyaka.Eminyakeni engaphezu kuka-4 000 edlule, abaseGibhithe benza ucingo lwethusi.Amapayipi oqalo asetshenziswa eShayina ngesikhathi soBukhosi bukaXia cishe ngo-2000 BC.Kamuva amapayipi amanzi aseRoma akhiwa kusetshenziswa amapayipi omthofu, okuwumkhiqizo wenqubo yokuncibilikisa isiliva.
engenamthungo.Amapayipi ensimbi angenamthungo anamuhla aqala ukuvela eNyakatho Melika ngo-1890. Kusukela ngo-1890 kuze kube manje, izinto ezingavuthiwe zale nqubo ziyi-billet eyindilinga eqinile.Ukusungulwa kokusakazwa okuqhubekayo kwamabhilidi ngeminyaka yawo-1950s kwaholela ekuguqulweni kwamashubhu angenamthungo asuka ezingothini zensimbi aye entweni eluhlaza yensimbi eshibhile yangaleso sikhathi - ama-cast billets.Amapayipi asebenzisa i-hydraulic, adlule namanje, enziwa ngama-voids angenamthungo, adonswa ngokubanda.Ihlukaniselwe imakethe yaseNyakatho Melika njenge-SAE-J524 yi-Society of Automotive Engineers kanye ne-ASTM-A519 yi-American Society for Testing and Materials.
Ukukhiqizwa kwamapayipi amanzi angenamthungo kuvame ukuba yinqubo enzima kakhulu, ikakhulukazi kumapayipi amancane anobubanzi.Kudinga amandla amaningi futhi kudinga indawo enkulu.
ukushisela.Ngawo-1970 imakethe yashintsha.Ngemva kokubusa imakethe yamapayipi ensimbi cishe iminyaka eyi-100, imakethe yamapayipi angenamthungo yehlile.Yayigcwele amapayipi ashiselwe, abonakala ekufanelekela ukusetshenziswa kwemishini eminingi ezimakethe zokwakha nezezimoto.Ithatha ngisho indawo endaweni eyayiyiMecca - umhlaba wamapayipi kawoyela negesi.
Izinto ezimbili eziqanjiwe zibe negalelo kulolu shintsho emakethe.Eyodwa ihilela ukubunjwa okuqhubekayo kwama-slabs, okuvumela izigayo zensimbi ukuthi zikhiqize kahle ngobuningi umugqa oyisicaba wekhwalithi ephezulu.Enye into eyenza i-HF resistance welding ibe yinqubo esebenzayo embonini yamapayipi.Umphumela uba umkhiqizo omusha: ipayipi elishiselwe elinezici ezifanayo nezingenamthungo, kodwa ngenani eliphansi kunemikhiqizo efanayo engenamthungo.Leli payipi lisakhiqizwa nanamuhla futhi lihlukaniswa njenge-SAE-J525 noma i-ASTM-A513-T5 emakethe yaseNyakatho Melika.Njengoba i-tube idonswa futhi ifakwe emanzini, iwumkhiqizo onamandla wezinsiza.Lezi zinqubo azifani nomsebenzi kanye nemali eningi njengezinqubo ezingenazihibe, kodwa izindleko ezihambisana nazo zisaphezulu.
Kusukela ngeminyaka yawo-1990s kuze kube manje, amapayipi amaningi asebenza ngaphansi komhlaba asetshenziswa emakethe yasekhaya, noma ngabe adonswe ngaphandle komthungo (SAE-J524) noma adonswe ashiselwe (SAE-J525), angeniswa kwamanye amazwe.Lokhu cishe kuwumphumela womehluko omkhulu ezindlekweni zabasebenzi nezensimbi phakathi kwe-US namazwe athumela ngaphandle.Eminyakeni engu-30-40 edlule, le mikhiqizo itholakale kubakhiqizi basekhaya, kodwa abakaze bakwazi ukuzibonakalisa njengomdlali ovelele kule makethe.Izindleko ezincomekayo zemikhiqizo evela kwamanye amazwe ziyisithiyo esibi.
imakethe yamanje.Ukusetshenziswa komkhiqizo ongenamthungo, odwetshiwe futhi ohlanganisiwe we-J524 kuye kwehla kancane kancane ngokuhamba kweminyaka.Isatholakala futhi inendawo emakethe yomugqa we-hydraulic, kodwa ama-OEM avame ukukhetha i-J525 uma ishiselwe, idwetshiwe futhi ifakwe i-J525 itholakala kalula.
Ubhubhane lwahlasela futhi imakethe yashintsha futhi.Ukuhlinzekwa komhlaba wonke kwabasebenzi, insimbi kanye nempahla yehla ngezinga elifanayo nokwehla kwesidingo sezimoto okukhulunywe ngaso ngenhla.Okufanayo kuyasebenza ekuhlinzekweni kwamapayipi kawoyela osebenza ngogesi i-J525 angenisiwe.Uma kubhekwa lezi ntuthuko, imakethe yasekhaya ibonakala ilungele olunye ushintsho emakethe.Ingabe isikulungele ukukhiqiza omunye umkhiqizo ongasebenzi kakhulu kunamapayipi okushisela, okudweba nawokudonsa?Enye ikhona, nakuba ingavamile ukusetshenziswa.Lena yi-SAE-J356A, ehlangabezana nezidingo zezinhlelo eziningi ze-hydraulic (bheka umdwebo 1).
Imininingwane eshicilelwe yi-SAE ivamise ukuba mfushane futhi ibe lula, njengoba incazelo ngayinye ichaza inqubo eyodwa yokukhiqiza ishubhu.Okubi ukuthi i-J525 ne-J356A ziyafana kakhulu ngokosayizi, izakhiwo zemishini, nolunye ulwazi, ngakho-ke imininingwane ingadida.Ngaphezu kwalokho, umkhiqizo ovunguzayo we-J356A wemigqa emincane ye-hydraulic eyi-diameter iyinhlobonhlobo ye-J356, futhi ipayipi eliqondile lisetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi ukukhiqizwa kwamapayipi amakhulu we-hydraulic hydraulic.
Umfanekiso 3. Nakuba amapayipi ashiselwe nabandayo athathwa abaningi njengaphakeme kunamapayipi ahlanganisiwe nabandayo, izakhiwo zemishini zemikhiqizo emibili ye-tubular ziyaqhathaniswa.QAPHELA.Amanani e-Imperial kuya ku-PSI aguqulwa athambile asuka ekucacisweni okungamanani e-metric abe yi-MPa.
Abanye onjiniyela babheka i-J525 njengenhle kakhulu ekusebenzeni kwe-hydraulic ephezulu njengemishini esindayo.I-J356A ayaziwa kakhulu kodwa futhi isebenza kumabheringi oketshezi olunomfutho ophezulu.Kwesinye isikhathi izidingo zokuqeda ziyahlukahluka: I-J525 ayinabo ubuhlalu be-ID, kuyilapho i-J356A iqhutshwa ukugeleza kabusha futhi inobuhlalu be-ID obuncane.
Impahla eluhlaza inezici ezifanayo (bheka umdwebo 2).Umehluko omncane ekubunjweni kwamakhemikhali uhambisana nezinto ezifiselekayo zemishini.Ukuze kuzuzwe izici ezithile zemishini ezifana namandla e-tensile noma amandla okugcina (i-UTS), ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali noma ukwelashwa kokushisa kwensimbi kunqunyelwe ukuthola imiphumela ethile.
Lezi zinhlobo zamapayipi zabelana ngesethi efanayo yezakhiwo ezijwayelekile zemishini, okuwenza aguquleke kwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza (bheka uMdwebo 3).Ngamanye amazwi, uma enye ilahlekile, enye cishe yanele.Akekho odinga ukusungula kabusha isondo, imboni isivele inesethi eqinile, elinganiselayo yamasondo.
I-Tube & Pipe Journal yethulwa ngo-1990 njengomagazini wokuqala onikezelwe embonini yamapayipi ensimbi.Kuze kube namuhla, isewukuphela kokushicilelwa kwemboni eNyakatho Melika futhi isibe umthombo othenjwa kakhulu wolwazi lochwepheshe bamashubhu.
Ukufinyelela okugcwele kwedijithali ku-FABRICATOR manje kuyatholakala, okuhlinzeka ngokufinyelela okulula kwezinsiza ezibalulekile zemboni.
Ukufinyelela okugcwele kwedijithali ku-The Tube & Pipe Journal manje kuyatholakala, okuhlinzeka ngokufinyelela kalula kuzinsiza ezibalulekile zemboni.
Jabulela ukufinyelela okudijithali okugcwele ku-STAMPING Journal, ijenali yemakethe yezitembu zensimbi enentuthuko yakamuva yezobuchwepheshe, imikhuba engcono kakhulu nezindaba zemboni.
Ukufinyelela okugcwele kuhlelo lwedijithali lwe-The Fabricator en Español manje sekuyatholakala, okuhlinzeka ngokufinyelela okulula kuzinsiza ezibalulekile zemboni.
Ingxenye 2 yochungechunge lwethu lwezingxenye ezimbili noRay Ripple, umdwebi wensimbi waseTexan kanye nomshiseli, uyaqhubeka ...
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jan-05-2023