Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi insimbi eluhlaza yenziwa kanjani ithubhu noma ipayipi, inqubo yokukhiqiza ishiya inani elibalulekile lezinto ezisele phezulu.Ukwakha nokushisela kumshini wokugaya, ukudweba etafuleni lokudweba, noma ukusebenzisa i-piler noma i-extruder elandelwa inqubo yokusika-ubude kungabangela ipayipi noma indawo yepayipi ukuthi igcotshwe ngamafutha futhi ingase ivalwe imfucumfucu.Ukungcola okuvamile okudingeka kususwe endaweni yangaphakathi nangaphandle kuhlanganisa izithambisi zikawoyela namanzi ezivela ekudwebeni nasekusikeni, imfucumfucu yensimbi evela emisebenzini yokusika, nothuli lwasembonini nemfucumfucu.
Izindlela ezijwayelekile zokuhlanza amapayipi amanzi asendlini kanye namapayipi omoya, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi anezixazululo ezinamanzi noma izincibilikisi, zifana nalezo ezisetshenziselwa ukuhlanza izindawo ezingaphandle.Lokhu kufaka phakathi i-flushing, i-plugging kanye ne-ultrasonic cavitation.Zonke lezi zindlela ziyasebenza futhi sezisetshenziswe amashumi eminyaka.
Yiqiniso, yonke inqubo inemikhawulo, futhi lezi zindlela zokuhlanza azihlukile.Ukuhlanza ngokuvamile kudinga ukuphindaphindeka okwenziwa ngesandla futhi kulahlekelwa ukusebenza kwayo njengoba isivinini soketshezi olushaywayo sincipha njengoba uketshezi lusondela endaweni yepayipi (umphumela wengqimba yomngcele) (bona Umfanekiso 1).Ukupakisha kusebenza kahle, kodwa kukhandla kakhulu futhi akusebenzi kumadiamitha amancane kakhulu njengalawo asetshenziswa ezinsizeni zezokwelapha (amashubhu angaphansi kwesikhumba noma akhanyayo).Amandla e-Ultrasonic asebenza kahle ekuhlanzeni izindawo zangaphandle, kodwa akakwazi ukungena ezindaweni eziqinile futhi anenkinga yokufinyelela ingaphakathi lepayipi, ikakhulukazi lapho umkhiqizo uhlanganiswa.Okunye okungalungile ukuthi amandla e-ultrasonic angabangela umonakalo ebusweni.Amabhamuza omsindo asulwa yi-cavitation, ekhulula inani elikhulu lamandla eduze kwendawo.
Enye indlela yalezi zinqubo i-vacuum cyclic nucleation (VCN), ebangela ukuthi amabhamuza egesi akhule futhi adilike ukuze ahambise uketshezi.Ngokuyisisekelo, ngokungafani nenqubo ye-ultrasonic, ayifaki engozini ukulimaza izindawo zensimbi.
I-VCN isebenzisa amabhamuza omoya ukuze inyakaze futhi isuse uketshezi ngaphakathi kwepayipi.Lena inqubo yokucwilisa esebenza ku-vacuum futhi ingasetshenziswa nakho kokubili uketshezi olususelwe emanzini nolwe-solvent.
Isebenza ngesimiso esifanayo esenza amagwebu lapho amanzi eqala ukubila ebhodweni.Amabhamuza okuqala akha ezindaweni ezithile, ikakhulukazi ezimbizeni ezisetshenziswa kahle.Ukuhlolwa ngokucophelela kwalezi zindawo kuvame ukuveza ubulukhuni noma okunye ukungapheleli kwendawo kulezi zindawo.Kulezi zindawo lapho ubuso bepani buthintana kakhulu nevolumu enikeziwe yoketshezi.Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengoba lezi zindawo zingekho ngaphansi kokupholisa okungokwemvelo kwemvelo, amabhamuza omoya angakheka kalula.
Ekudluliselweni kokushisa okubilayo, ukushisa kudluliselwa oketshezini ukuze kukhuphule izinga lokushisa lalo endaweni yalo yokubilisa.Lapho iphuzu lokubilisa lifinyelelwa, izinga lokushisa liyayeka ukunyuka;ukwengeza ukushisa okwengeziwe kubangela umusi, ekuqaleni ngesimo samabhamuza esitimu.Lapho kushisa ngokushesha, lonke uketshezi olungaphezulu luphenduka umhwamuko, owaziwa ngokuthi ukubilisa kwefilimu.
Nakhu okwenzekayo lapho uletha ibhodwe lamanzi ngamathumba: okokuqala, amabhamuza omoya akheka ezindaweni ezithile ebusweni bebhodwe, bese kuthi lapho amanzi enyakaza futhi enyakaziswa, amanzi ahwamuka ngokushesha ebusweni.Eduze kwendawo kukhona umhwamuko ongabonakali;lapho umhwamuko uphola ekuthintaneni nomoya owuzungezile, uyajiya ube umhwamuko wamanzi, obonakala ngokucacile njengoba ubumba phezu kwebhodwe.
Wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi lokhu kuzokwenzeka ku-212 degrees Fahrenheit (100 degrees Celsius), kodwa akugcini lapho.Lokhu kwenzeka kuleli zinga lokushisa nokucindezela okujwayelekile komkhathi, okungamaphawundi angu-14.7 ngeyintshi yesikwele (PSI [1 ibha]).Ngamanye amazwi, ngosuku lapho ukucindezela komoya olwandle kungu-14.7 psi, indawo abilayo yamanzi olwandle ingu-212 degrees Fahrenheit;ngosuku olufanayo ezintabeni ngamamitha angu-5,000 kulesi sifunda, umfutho womkhathi ungamakhilogremu angu-12.2 nge-intshi yesikwele, lapho amanzi engaba nendawo yokubilisa engu-203 degrees Fahrenheit.
Esikhundleni sokukhuphula izinga lokushisa loketshezi lifinyelele endaweni yalo yokubilisa, inqubo ye-VCN yehlisa ukucindezela ekamelweni kuya endaweni yokubilisa yoketshezi ekushiseni kwe-ambient.Ngokufana nokudluliswa kokushisa okubilayo, lapho ingcindezi ifinyelela endaweni yokubilisa, izinga lokushisa nokucindezela kuhlala njalo.Lokhu kucindezela kubizwa ngokuthi i-vapor pressure.Lapho indawo engaphakathi ye-tube noma ipayipi igcwele umusi, indawo yangaphandle igcwalisa umusi odingekayo ukuze kugcinwe ukucindezela komhwamuko ekamelweni.
Nakuba ukudluliswa kokushisa okubilayo kuyisibonelo somgomo we-VCN, inqubo ye-VCN isebenza ngokuphambene nokubilisa.
Inqubo yokuhlanza ekhethiwe.Ukukhiqizwa kwebhamuza kuyinqubo ekhethiwe ehloselwe ukususa izindawo ezithile.Ukukhipha wonke umoya kunciphisa ukucindezela komkhathi ku-0 psi, okuwukucindezela komhwamuko, okwenza ukuba isitimu sakheke phezulu.Amabhamuza omoya akhulayo asusa uketshezi ebusweni beshubhu noma umlomo wombhobho.Lapho i-vacuum ikhishwa, igumbi libuyela ekucindezelweni komkhathi futhi liyahlanzwa, uketshezi olusha olugcwalisa ishubhu lomjikelezo wokuvala olandelayo.Imijikelezo ye-vacuum/pressure ivamise ukusethwa ukuze ibe isekhondi elingu-1 kuye ku-3 futhi ingasethwa kunoma iyiphi inombolo yemijikelezo kuye ngosayizi nokungcoliswa kocezu lokusebenza.
Inzuzo yale nqubo ukuthi ihlanza ubuso bepayipi kusukela endaweni engcolile.Njengoba umhwamuko ukhula, uketshezi luphushelwa phezu kweshubhu futhi lusheshise, ludale ukugeleza okuqinile ezindongeni zeshubhu.Injabulo enkulu yenzeka ezindongeni, lapho kukhula khona isitimu.Empeleni, le nqubo ihlukanisa ungqimba lomngcele, igcine uketshezi luseduze nendawo engase ibe ngamakhemikhali aphezulu.Emkhiwaneni.2 ikhombisa izinyathelo ezimbili zenqubo kusetshenziswa isixazululo se-aqueous surfactant esingu-0.1%.
Ukuze kwakheke isitimu, amabhamuza kufanele akhe endaweni eqinile.Lokhu kusho ukuthi inqubo yokuhlanza isuka phezulu iye oketshezini.Okubaluleke ngokufanayo, i-nucleation yebhamuza iqala ngamabhamuza amancane ahlangana phezulu, ekugcineni akhe amabhamuza azinzile.Ngakho-ke, i-nucleation ithanda izifunda ezinendawo ephezulu ngaphezu komthamo owuketshezi, njengamapayipi namapayipi angaphakathi kwamadayamitha.
Ngenxa yokugoba kwepayipi, umusi cishe ukwakheka ngaphakathi kwepayipi.Ngenxa yokuthi amabhamuza omoya akheka kalula kububanzi obungaphakathi, umhwamuko wakheka lapho kuqala futhi ngokushesha ngokwanele ukuze ukhiphe u-70% kuya ku-80% woketshezi.Uketshezi olungaphezulu esiqongweni sesigaba se-vacuum cishe lucishe lube ngu-100% umhwamuko, olingisa ukubiliswa kwefilimu ekudlulisweni kokushisa okubilayo.
Inqubo ye-nucleation iyasebenza emikhiqizweni eqondile, egobile noma esontekile cishe yanoma yibuphi ubude noma ukucushwa.
Thola ukonga okufihliwe.Izinhlelo zamanzi ezisebenzisa ama-VCN zinganciphisa kakhulu izindleko.Ngenxa yokuthi le nqubo igcina ukugxila okuphezulu kwamakhemikhali ngenxa yokuxubana okuqinile eduze nendawo yeshubhu (bheka Umfanekiso 1), ukugxila okuphezulu kwamakhemikhali akudingekile ukuze kube lula ukusakazeka kwamakhemikhali.Ukucubungula nokuhlanza okusheshayo nakho kuholela ekukhiqizeni okuphezulu komshini othile, ngaleyo ndlela kukhuphule izindleko zemishini.
Okokugcina, kokubili izinqubo ze-VCN ezisekelwe emanzini kanye ne-solvent zingakhuphula umkhiqizo ngokumisa nge-vacuum.Lokhu akudingi imishini eyengeziwe, kuyingxenye yenqubo.
Ngenxa yomklamo wekamelo elivaliwe kanye nokuguquguquka kokushisa, uhlelo lwe-VCN lungalungiswa ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene.
Inqubo ye-vacuum nucleation yomjikelezo isetshenziselwa ukuhlanza izingxenye ze-tubula zosayizi abahlukahlukene kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza, njengemishini yezokwelapha enobubanzi obuncane (kwesokunxele) namagagasi omsakazo anobubanzi obukhulu (kwesokudla).
Kuzinhlelo ezisekelwe ku-solvent, ezinye izindlela zokuhlanza ezifana ne-steam nesifutho zingasetshenziswa ngaphezu kwe-VCN.Kwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza eziyingqayizivele, uhlelo lwe-ultrasound lungangezwa ukuthuthukisa i-VCN.Uma usebenzisa izincibilikisi, inqubo ye-VCN isekelwa inqubo ye-vacuum-to-vacuum (noma engenawo umoya), eyaqala ukugunyazwa ngo-1991. Le nqubo ikhawulela ukukhishwa kanye nokusetshenziswa kwe-solvent ku-97% noma ngaphezulu.Inqubo iye yaqashelwa I-Ejensi Yokuvikela Imvelo kanye neSifunda SaseCalifornia saseNingizimu Nogwini Lokuphathwa Kwekhwalithi Yomoya ngokusebenza kwayo ngempumelelo ekunciphiseni ukuchayeka nokusetshenziswa.
Amasistimu okuncibilikisa asebenzisa ama-VCN abiza ngempumelelo ngoba isistimu ngayinye iyakwazi ukuthulula i-vacuum, ikhulise ukutholakala kwe-solvent.Lokhu kunciphisa ukuthengwa kwe-solvent kanye nokulahlwa kwemfucuza.Le nqubo ngokwayo yelula impilo ye-solvent;izinga lokubola kwe-solvent liyancipha njengoba izinga lokushisa lokusebenza liyancipha.
Lezi zinhlelo zilungele ukwelapha ngemva kokwelashwa njengokudlula nge-asidi noma ukuvala inzalo nge-hydrogen peroxide noma amanye amakhemikhali uma kudingeka.Umsebenzi ongaphezulu wenqubo ye-VCN wenza lokhu kwelashwa kusheshe futhi kubize ngempumelelo, futhi kungahlanganiswa ekwakhiweni kwemishini efanayo.
Kuze kube manje, imishini ye-VCN ibilokhu icubungula amapayipi amancane njengo-0.25 mm ububanzi namapayipi anobubanzi obuyisilinganiso sodonga obukhulu kuno-1000:1 ensimini.Ezifundweni zaselabhorethri, i-VCN yayiphumelele ekususeni amakhoyili angcolile angaphakathi kuze kufike ku-1 imitha ubude no-0.08 mm ububanzi;ngokusebenza, ikwazile ukuhlanza ngezimbobo ezifika ku-0.15 mm ububanzi.
Dr. Donald Gray is President of Vacuum Processing Systems and JP Schuttert oversees sales, PO Box 822, East Greenwich, RI 02818, 401-397-8578, contact@vacuumprocessingsystems.com.
Dr. Donald Gray is President of Vacuum Processing Systems and JP Schuttert oversees sales, PO Box 822, East Greenwich, RI 02818, 401-397-8578, contact@vacuumprocessingsystems.com.
I-Tube & Pipe Journal yethulwa ngo-1990 njengomagazini wokuqala onikezelwe embonini yamapayipi ensimbi.Namuhla, isewukuphela kokushicilelwa kwemboni eNyakatho Melika futhi isibe umthombo othenjwa kakhulu wolwazi lochwepheshe bamashubhu.
Ukufinyelela okugcwele kwedijithali ku-FABRICATOR manje kuyatholakala, okuhlinzeka ngokufinyelela okulula kwezinsiza ezibalulekile zemboni.
Ukufinyelela okugcwele kwedijithali ku-The Tube & Pipe Journal manje kuyatholakala, okuhlinzeka ngokufinyelela kalula kuzinsiza ezibalulekile zemboni.
Jabulela ukufinyelela okudijithali okugcwele ku-STAMPING Journal, ijenali yemakethe yezitembu zensimbi enentuthuko yakamuva yezobuchwepheshe, imikhuba engcono kakhulu nezindaba zemboni.
Ukufinyelela okugcwele kuhlelo lwedijithali lwe-The Fabricator en Español manje sekuyatholakala, okuhlinzeka ngokufinyelela okulula kuzinsiza ezibalulekile zemboni.
Umqeqeshi weWelding kanye neciko uSean Flottmann ujoyine i-podcast ye-The Fabricator e-FABTECH 2022 e-Atlanta engxoxweni ebukhoma…
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jan-13-2023