Ukukhiqizwa okuphumelelayo nokuphumelelayo kweshubhu noma ipayipi kuyindaba yokuthuthukisa izingxenye ze-10,000, kuhlanganise nokugcinwa kwemishini.Njengoba kunezingxenye eziningi ezihambayo kulo lonke uhlobo lwesigayo kanye nazo zonke izingcezu zamathuluzi azulazulayo, ukulandela uhlelo lokuvikela olunconyiwe lomkhiqizi kuyinselele.Isithombe: T&H Lemont Inc.
Inothi lomhleli.Lena ingxenye yokuqala yochungechunge olunezingxenye ezimbili zokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwamashubhu.Funda ingxenye yesibili.
Ukwenziwa kwemikhiqizo ye-tubular kuwumsebenzi oyinselele ngisho nangaphansi kwezimo ezivumayo kakhulu.Izimboni ziyinkimbinkimbi, zidinga ukunakekelwa njalo futhi, kuye ngokuthi zikhiqizani, ukuncintisana kushubile.Abakhiqizi abaningi bamapayipi ensimbi bangaphansi kwengcindezi enkulu yokwandisa isikhathi ukuze kwandiswe imali engenayo kuyilapho beshiya isikhathi esincane esibalulekile sokulungiswa okuhleliwe.
Izimo embonini namuhla azizona ezihamba phambili.Izindleko zezinto ezibonakalayo ziphezulu ngendlela ehlekisayo, futhi ukulethwa kwengxenye akuvamile.Manje kunanini ngaphambili, abakhiqizi bamapayipi badinga ukukhulisa isikhathi esiphezulu futhi banciphise izinsimbi, futhi ukudiliva kancane kusho izikhathi ezimfushane zokukhiqiza.Ukugijima okufushane kusho ukushintshashintsha kaningi, okungekona ukusebenzisa kahle isikhathi noma umsebenzi.
“Isikhathi sibalulekile kulezi zinsuku,” kusho uMark Prasek, oyiNorth American Tubing and Tubing Sales Manager we-EFD Induction.
Izingxoxo nochwepheshe bemboni mayelana namathiphu namasu okuthola okuningi ebhizinisini lakho kuveza amatimu avela kaningi:
Ukuqhuba isitshalo ngendlela esebenza kahle kakhulu kusho ukuthuthukisa inqwaba yezici, eziningi zazo ezisebenzisanayo, ngakho ukukhulisa ukusebenza kahle kwesitshalo akulula ngaso sonke isikhathi.Ingcaphuno edumile evela kulowo owayengumbhali wengosi ye-Tube & Pipe Journal u-Bud Graham inikeza ukuqonda: “Isigayo sepayipi siyindawo yokubeka amathuluzi.”Ukwazi ukuthi ithuluzi ngalinye lenzani, lisebenza kanjani, nokuthi ithuluzi ngalinye lisebenzisana kanjani namanye cishe ingxenye yesithathu yendlela eya empumelelweni.Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi yonke into isekelwe futhi iqondanisiwe kungenye yesithathu.Ingxenye yesithathu yokugcina inikezelwe ezinhlelweni zokuqeqesha opharetha, amasu okuxazulula izinkinga kanye nezinqubo ezithile zokusebenza ezihlukile kumkhiqizi wepayipi ngamunye noma wepayipi.
Ukucatshangelwa kokuqala kokusebenza kahle kwezitshalo akuhlangene nesitshalo.Le mpahla eluhlaza, ukuthola okuningi emshinini wokugaywa, kusho ukuthola okuningi kukhoyili ngayinye ephakelwa umshini wokugaya.Iqala ngesinqumo sokuthenga.
ubude bekhoyili.“Izigayo zamapayipi zisebenza kahle uma amakhoyili emude ngangokunokwenzeka,” kusho uNelson Abbey, umqondisi we-Abbey Products e-Fives Bronx Inc. Ukusebenza ngama-short rolls kusho ukuphatha iziphetho eziningi.Ukuphela ngakunye komqulu kudinga i-butt weld, futhi i-butt ngayinye idala i-scrap.
Ubunzima lapha yikuthi amakhoyili amade kakhulu angathengiswa kakhulu, kuthi amakhoyili amafitshane atholakale ngentengo engcono.I-ejenti yokuthenga ingase ifune ukonga imali ethile, kodwa lokho akuwona umbono wabantu abakhiqizayo.Cishe wonke umuntu ophethe imboni uzovuma ukuthi umehluko wentengo kufanele ube mkhulu ukuze kunxeshezelwe ukulahleka kokukhiqiza okuhlobene nokuvalwa kwemboni okwengeziwe.
Okunye okucatshangelwayo, kusho u-Abby, amandla e-decoiler kanye nanoma yimiphi eminye imikhawulo ekungeneni kokugaya.Kungase kudingeke ukuthi utshale imali ezintweni zokufaka ezinamandla ukuze ubambe amaroli amakhulu, asindayo ukuze uthathe ithuba lokuthenga amaroli amakhulu.
Ukusika nakho kuyisici, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukusika kwenziwa endlini noma ngaphandle.Ama-slitter rewinder anesisindo esiphezulu nobubanzi obungakwazi ukusiphatha, ngakho ukufana okulungile phakathi kwe-roll ne-slitter rewinder kubalulekile ukuze kukhuliswe umkhiqizo.
Ngakho-ke, ukusebenzisana kwezinto ezine: ubukhulu nesisindo somqulu, ububanzi obudingekayo be-slitter, ukukhiqiza kwe-slitter namandla emishini yokufaka.
Roll ububanzi nesimo.Akusho esitolo ukuthi amaroli kufanele abe ububanzi obufanele kanye nosayizi ofanele wokukhiqiza umkhiqizo, kodwa amaphutha ayenzeka.Ama-opharetha agaywayo ngokuvamile anganxephezela ngobubanzi obuncane obungaphansi noma obungaphezulu komugqa, kodwa lokhu kuyindaba yedigri kuphela.Ukunaka kakhulu ububanzi be-slit complex kubalulekile.
Isimo sonqenqema somugqa wensimbi siphinde sibe yinkinga ebaluleke kakhulu.NgokukaMichael Strand, umongameli we-T&H Lemont, ukusebenza konqenqema okungaguquki ngaphandle kwama-burrs noma okunye ukungqubuzana kubalulekile ukuze kugcinwe ukushisela okungaguquki kubo bonke ubude bomucu.Ukusonta kokuqala, ukuqaqa i-longitudinal nokuhlehlisa nakho kuyasebenza.Amakhoyili angaphathwa ngokunakekela angakwazi ukugoqa, okuyinkinga.Inqubo yokubumba, eyasungulwa ngonjiniyela abagoqayo, iqala ngomugqa oyisicaba, hhayi ogobile.
ukucatshangelwa kwezinsimbi."Idizayini enhle yokubumba ikhulisa ukukhiqiza," kusho uStan Green, umphathi jikelele we-SST Forming Roll Inc., ephawula ukuthi alikho isu elilodwa lokwakha ishubhu, ngakho-ke alikho isu elilodwa lokuklama isikhunta.Abahlinzeki bamathuluzi e-roller bayahlukahluka futhi izindlela zokucubungula amapayipi ziyahlukahluka, ngakho-ke imikhiqizo yabo nayo iyahlukahluka.Isivuno futhi sihlukile.
"I-radius ye-roller surface ishintsha njalo, ngakho isivinini sokujikeleza kwethuluzi sishintsha phezu kwendawo yonke yethuluzi," esho.Yiqiniso, ipayipi lidlula emshinini ngesivinini esisodwa kuphela.Ngakho-ke, umklamo ungathinta isivuno.Wengeze ngokuthi ukuklama okungalungile kumosha impahla uma ithuluzi lilisha futhi kuba kubi kakhulu njengoba ithuluzi liguga.
Kulezo zinkampani ezingahlinzeki ngokuqeqeshwa nokunakekelwa, ukwakha isu lokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwezitshalo kuqala ngezinto eziyisisekelo.
"Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi hlobo luni lwesitshalo nokuthi lukhiqiza ini, zonke izitshalo zinezinto ezimbili ezifanayo - opharetha nezinqubo zokusebenza," kusho u-Abbey.Ukuqhuba isikhungo ngokulingana okukhulu kakhulu kuncike ekuqeqeshweni okujwayelekile kanye nokuhambisana nezinqubo ezibhaliwe, esho.Ukungaguquguquki ekuqeqeshweni kuholela ekuhlukeni kokusetha nokuxazulula izinkinga.
Ukuze uthole okuningi embonini, u-opharetha ngamunye kufanele asebenzise izinqubo ezingaguquguquki zokusetha nokuxazulula izinkinga, u-opharetha aye ku-opharetha futhi ashintshe ukuze ashintshe.Noma imuphi umehluko wenqubo ngokuvamile uhilela ukungaqondi kahle, imikhuba emibi, ukwenza kube lula, kanye nezixazululo.Lokhu kuhlale kuholela ebunzimeni ekuphathweni ngempumelelo kwebhizinisi.Lezi zinkinga zingavela ekhaya noma zenzeke lapho umqhubi oqeqeshiwe eqashwe esincintisana naye kodwa umthombo awubalulekile.Ukungaguquguquki kuyisihluthulelo, kufaka phakathi ama-opharetha aletha ulwazi.
“Kuthatha iminyaka ukwakha umshini wokugaya amapayipi, futhi awukwazi ukuthembela ohlelweni olujwayelekile, olulingana konke,” kusho uStrand.“Zonke izinkampani zidinga uhlelo lokuqeqesha oluhambisana nemishini nokusebenza kwayo.”
"Izihluthulelo ezintathu zokusebenza kahle ukugcinwa komshini, ukugcinwa kwezinto ezisetshenziswayo kanye nokulinganisa," kusho uDan Ventura, umongameli we-Ventura & Associates.“Lo mshini unezingxenye eziningi ezihambayo - kungakhathaliseki ukuthi isigayo ngokwaso noma ama-peripherals endaweni yokungena noma yokuphuma, itafula lokudansa nanoma yini - ukunakekelwa okuvamile kubalulekile ukuze uhlale usezingeni eliphezulu."
Wavuma uStrand.Uthi: “Konke kuqala ngohlelo lokunakekela izingane.“Lokhu kunikeza ithuba elingcono kakhulu lokusebenza kwemboni enenzuzo.Uma umkhiqizi wamapayipi ephendula kuphela ezimeni eziphuthumayo, akulawuleki.Kuya ngenhlekelele elandelayo.”
"Zonke izingcezu zemishini embonini kufanele zilungiswe," kusho uVentura.Ngaphandle kwalokho izimboni zizobulalana zodwa.
"Ezimweni eziningi, lapho ama-rolls edlula impilo yawo ewusizo, ayaqina futhi agcine ephukile," kusho u-Ventura.
“Uma amawindi omoya engagcinwa esesimweni esihle ngokulungiswa njalo, kuzofika usuku lapho ezodinga ukulungiswa okuphuthumayo,” kusho uVentura.Uthi uma amathuluzi ayenganakwa, bekuyodingeka kukhishwe impahla ephindwe kabili noma kathathu ukuze kulungiswe kunokunye.Kuthatha futhi isikhathi eside futhi kubiza ngaphezulu.
UStrand waphawula ukuthi ukutshala imali kumathuluzi okulondoloza kungasiza ekuvimbeleni izimo eziphuthumayo.Uma ithuluzi livame ukusetshenziselwa ama-run amade, izingxenye ezisele zizodingeka kunethuluzi elingavamile ukusetshenziselwa ukugijima okufushane.Amakhono ethuluzi aphinde athinte izinga lokulindela.Izimbambo zingagqashula ethuluzini elinezimbambo futhi ama-welding rollers avumela ukushisa kwegumbi lokushisela, izinkinga ezingakhathazi ukwakheka nokulinganisa ama-roller.
"Ukunakekelwa okuvamile kulungele okokusebenza, futhi ukuqondanisa kahle kuhle kumkhiqizo owenzayo," esho.Uma zinganakwa, abasebenzi basefekthri bazochitha isikhathi esiningi bezama ukubamba.Isikhathi esingase sisetshenziswe ekwakheni umkhiqizo wekhwalithi ephezulu odingeka kakhulu emakethe.Lezi zici ezimbili zibaluleke kakhulu, kodwa ngokuvamile azinakwa noma azinakwa, kangangokuthi i-Ventura ikholelwa ukuthi inikeza ithuba elingcono kakhulu lokuthola okuningi esitshalweni, ukwandisa ukukhiqiza, nokunciphisa ukumosha.
I-Ventura ilinganisa ukugcinwa kwezigayo nezinto ezisetshenziswayo kanye nokunakekelwa kwezimoto.Akekho ozoshayela imoto amashumi ezinkulungwane zamakhilomitha phakathi kokushintshwa kukawoyela nokuqhumisa isondo.Lokhu kuzoholela ekulungiseni okubizayo noma ezingozini, nasezitshalweni ezinganakekelwa kahle.
Ukuhlola amathuluzi ngezikhathi ezithile ngemva kokwethulwa ngakunye kuyadingeka, esho.Amathuluzi okuhlola angadalula izinkinga ezifana nama-microcracks.Ukuhlonza umonakalo onjalo ngokushesha ngemva kokuba ithuluzi selikhishiwe emshinini, kunokuba lifakwe ngaphambi kokuthi lifakwe ukuze lidlule, kuvumela isikhathi esengeziwe sokwenza ithuluzi elishintshayo.
"Ezinye izinkampani bezisebenza ngokujwayelekile ngesikhathi sokuvalwa okuhleliwe," kusho uGreene.Wayazi ukuthi kuzoba nzima ukuhlangabezana nesikhathi sokuphumula esihleliwe ngezikhathi ezinjalo, kodwa waphawula ukuthi kuyingozi kakhulu.Izinkampani zemikhumbi nezamaloli zigcwele ngokweqile noma azinabasebenzi abancane, noma zombili, ngakho ukudiliva akwenziwa ngesikhathi kulezi zinsuku.
“Uma kuphuka okuthile efekthri futhi kufanele u-ode okushintshwayo, uzokwenzani ukuze kulethwe?”– wabuza.Yiqiniso, ukulethwa komoya kuhlala kwenzeka, kodwa lokhu kungase kwenyuse izindleko zokulethwa.
Ukugcinwa kwezigayo namaroli akukona nje kuphela ukulandela uhlelo lokulungisa, kodwa kumayelana nokuhlanganisa uhlelo lokulungisa kanye nohlelo lokukhiqiza.
Ububanzi nokujula kokuhlangenwe nakho kubalulekile kuzo zontathu lezi zindawo - ukusebenza, ukuxazulula izinkinga kanye nokunakekela.UWarren Whitman, iphini likamongameli wophiko lwebhizinisi lwe-T&H Lemont's Die and Die, uthi izinkampani ezinefemu yepayipi elilodwa noma amabili kuphela ezisebenzisela zona zivame ukuba nabantu abambalwa abangayinakekela isigayo futhi bafe.Ngisho noma abasebenzi bezokulungisa benolwazi, iminyango emincane inokuhlangenwe nakho okuncane uma kuqhathaniswa neminyango emikhulu yezokulungisa, okubeka abasebenzi abancane kusimo esingesihle.Uma inkampani ingenawo umnyango wobunjiniyela, umnyango wesevisi kufanele uxazulule izinkinga futhi uzilungise ngokwawo.
NgokukaStrand, ukuqeqeshwa kwabasebenzi abasebenzayo kanye nokunakekela manje kubaluleke kakhulu kunangaphambili.Igagasi lokuthatha umhlalaphansi elihambisana nokuguga kwezingane lisho ukuthi ulwazi oluningi lwezizwe olwake lwasiza izinkampani ukuthi zikwazi ukubhekana nezinkinga zazo luya ngokuya luncipha.Nakuba abakhiqizi abaningi bamapayipi basengathembela eselulekweni nasekuqondisweni kwabahlinzeki bemishini, ngisho nalokhu okuhlangenwe nakho akukubi kakhulu njengoba kwakunjalo futhi kuya ngokuya kuncipha.
Inqubo yokushisela ibaluleke njenganoma iyiphi enye inqubo eyenzeka lapho kwakhiwa ipayipi noma ipayipi, futhi indima yomshini wokushisela ayikwazi ukubukelwa phansi.
I-induction welding."Namuhla, cishe izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zama-oda ethu ezokubuyisela emuva," kusho uPrasek.“Ngokujwayelekile bashintsha amashisela amadala, anezinkinga.Njengamanje, i- throughput yiyona ehamba phambili.”
Ngokusho kwakhe baningi abantu abawa ngemuva kwamabhola ayisishiyagalombili ngenxa yokuthi aluhlaza aphume sekudlule isikhathi.Wathi: “Ngokuvamile, lapho impahla ifika ekugcineni, lowo oshisela uyahamba.Inani elimangalisayo labakhiqizi bamapayipi namapayipi baze basebenzise imishini esekelwe kubuchwepheshe be-vacuum tube, okusho ukuthi basebenzisa imishini okungenani eneminyaka engu-30 ubudala.Ulwazi ekugcinweni kwemishini enjalo aluluhle, futhi kunzima ukuthola amashubhu ashintshayo ngokwawo.
Inkinga yabakhiqizi bamashubhu namashubhu abasawasebenzisa yindlela abaguga ngayo.Abahluleki ngendlela eyinhlekelele, kodwa behlisa kancane kancane.Isixazululo esisodwa siwukusebenzisa ukushisa okuncane kokushisela nokunciphisa isivinini somshini wokugawula ukuze kunxephezelise, okungagwema kalula izindleko ezinkulu zokutshala imali emishinini emisha.Lokhu kudala umbono wokuthi yonke into ihlelekile.
Ngokusho kukaPrasek, ukutshala imali emthonjeni wamandla omusha we-induction welding kunganciphisa kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kule ndawo.Ezinye izifundazwe, ikakhulukazi lezo ezinabantu abaningi namagridi aminyene, zinikeza izaphulelo ezinkulu ngemva kokuthenga amathuluzi okonga amandla.Wengeze ngokuthi isisusa sesibili sokutshala imali emikhiqizweni emisha amandla amasha okukhiqiza.
"Ngokuvamile, i-welder entsha isebenza kahle kakhulu kunendala futhi ingasindisa izinkulungwane zamaRandi ngokuletha amandla amaningi okushisela ngaphandle kokuthuthukiswa kwamandla," kusho uPrasek.
Ukuqondanisa kwe-inductor ne-resistor nakho kubalulekile.U-John Holderman, umphathi jikelele we-EHE Consumables, uthi i-telecoil enosayizi ofanele futhi efakiwe inendawo ekahle uma iqhathaniswa nesondo lokushisela futhi idinga imvume efanele neqhubekayo ezungeze ipayipi.Uma isethwe ngendlela engalungile, ikhoyili izohluleka ngaphambi kwesikhathi.
Umsebenzi we-blocker ulula - uvimba ukuhamba kukagesi, uwuqondise onqenqemeni lwe-strip - futhi njengakho konke okunye endaweni yokugaya, ukubeka indawo kubalulekile, uthi.Indawo elungile yiziqongo ze-weld, kodwa lokhu akukona kuphela ukucatshangelwa.Ukufaka kubalulekile.Uma ixhunywe ku-mandrel engaqinile ngokwanele, isikhundla se-bollard singase sishintshe futhi empeleni sizodonsa i-ID eduze kwepayipi.
Ngokusebenzisa izitayela zokushisela izinto ezisetshenziswayo, imiqondo yekhoyili ehlukanisiwe ingaba nomthelela omkhulu ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwezitshalo.
"Izigayo ezinkulu ezinobubanzi bezilokhu zisebenzisa imiklamo yenyoka ehlukanisiwe isikhathi eside," kusho u-Holderman."Ukushintsha ikhoyili eyakhelwe ngaphakathi kudinga ukusika ipayipi, ukubuyisela ikhoyili, bese uyisika kabusha emshinini wokugaya," esho.Idizayini yekhoyili enezicucu ezimbili isindisa sonke leso sikhathi nomzamo.
“Ayesetshenziswa ezigayweni ezinkulu ngenxa yesidingo, kodwa ukusebenzisa lesi simiso kumakhoyili amancane kwakudinga ubunjiniyela obusezingeni eliphezulu,” esho.Abakhiqizi abanalutho nje abangasebenza ngalo."I-reel encane, eneziqephu ezimbili ine-hardware ekhethekile kanye ne-mount ehlakaniphile," esho.
Mayelana nenqubo yokupholisa i-impedance, abakhiqizi bamapayipi namapayipi banezinketho ezimbili eziyinhloko: isistimu yokupholisa emaphakathi yesikhungo, noma uhlelo oluhlukile oluzinikele lokuhlinzeka ngamanzi, olungabiza.
“Kungcono ukupholisa isixhasi nge-coolant ehlanzekile,” kusho u-Holderman.Kuze kube manje, ukutshalwa kwezimali okuncane ohlelweni olukhethekile lokuhlunga okupholisayo kwe-impedance kungakhuphula kakhulu impilo ye-impedance.
I-coolant ivamise ukusetshenziswa kuma-impeders, kodwa isipholisi singacosha izinsimbi ezinhle.Naphezu kwayo yonke imizamo yokubamba izinhlayiya ezincane kusihlungi esimaphakathi noma ukusebenzisa isistimu kazibuthe emaphakathi ukuzibamba, ezinye zazo zadlula futhi zangena kusivimbeli.Lena akuyona indawo yempushana yensimbi.
"Bashisa endaweni yokungeniswa futhi bashise emzimbeni we-resistor kanye ne-ferrite, okubangela ukwehluleka ngaphambi kwesikhathi okulandelwa ukuvala ukuvala indawo yokumelana," kusho u-Haldeman."Ziphinde zakhela ku-telecoil futhi ekugcineni zidale ukulimala kwe-arc."
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jan-15-2023