Umshini wokwenza iziteshi eziningi uqedela umjikelezo wawo ukuze wenze i-weld evaliwe ekupheleni kwepayipi lethusi.
Cabanga ngokusakaza kwenani lapho amapayipi esikwa futhi agotshwa.Kwenye indawo yesitshalo, izindandatho nezinye izingxenye ezingomshini ziyasetshenziswa bese zithunyelwa ukuze zihlanganiswe ukuze zihlanganiswe noma zifakwe ekugcineni kwamashubhu.Manje cabanga ngenani elifanayo lokusakaza, kulokhu kuqediwe.Kulesi simo, ukubumba iziphetho akugcini nje ukwandisa noma ukunciphisa ububanzi bokuphela kwepayipi, kodwa futhi kudala ukuhlukahluka kwezinye izimo, kusukela kuma-grooves ayinkimbinkimbi kuya kuma-whorls aphindaphinda amasongo ayedayisiwe ngaphambili.
Emkhakheni wokukhiqizwa kwamapayipi, ubuchwepheshe bokwenza ukuphela buye bathuthuka kancane kancane, futhi ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza buye bethula amazinga amabili okuzenzakalelayo kule nqubo.Okokuqala, imisebenzi ingahlanganisa izinyathelo ezimbalwa zokunemba kokugcina ngaphakathi kwendawo yokusebenza efanayo - empeleni, ukufakwa okukodwa okuqediwe.Okwesibili, lokhu kwakhiwa kokuphela okuyinkimbinkimbi kuhlanganiswe nezinye izinqubo zokukhiqiza amapayipi njengokusika nokugoba.
Iningi lezinhlelo zokusebenza ezihlotshaniswa nalolu hlobo lokwenziwa kokuphela okuzenzakalelayo kukhiqizwa amashubhu anembayo (ngokuvamile ithusi, i-aluminium noma insimbi engagqwali) ezimbonini ezifana nezezimoto ne-HVAC.Lapha, ukubunjwa kweziphetho kuqeda ukuxhumana okuklanyelwe ukuhlinzeka ngoxhumano oluqinile lokuvuza lokugeleza komoya noma uketshezi.Leli shubhu ngokuvamile linobubanzi obungaphandle obungamayintshi angu-1.5 noma ngaphansi.
Amanye amaseli azihambelayo athuthuke kakhulu aqala ngamashubhu amancane obubanzi ahlinzekwa ngamakhoyili.Iqala idlule emshinini wokuqondisa bese isika ubude.Irobhothi noma umshini womshini ube usuhambisa ucezu lokusebenza ukuze lubunjwe okokugcina futhi lugotshwe.Ukuhleleka kokubukeka kuncike ezidingweni zesicelo, kufaka phakathi ibanga phakathi kwe-bend kanye nesimo sokugcina ngokwaso.Kwesinye isikhathi irobhothi lingasusa ucezu lomsebenzi olulodwa ukusuka ekugcineni ukuya ekugobeni futhi libuyisele efomini ekugcineni uma uhlelo lokusebenza ludinga ipayipi elakhiwe ekugcineni kuzo zombili iziphetho.
Inombolo yezinyathelo zokukhiqiza, ezingase zihlanganise amasistimu okwakhiwa kwamapayipi ekhwalithi ephezulu, lenza lolu hlobo lweseli lukhiqize kakhudlwana.Kwezinye izinhlelo, ipayipi lidlula eziteshini eziyisishiyagalombili zokwakha ukuphela.Ukuklama isitshalo esinjalo kuqala ngokuqonda ukuthi yini engafinyelelwa ngokubumba kokuphela kwesimanje.
Kunezinhlobo ezimbalwa zamathuluzi okwenza isiphetho esinembayo.Ama-Punches Ama-Punches "amathuluzi aqinile" akha isiphetho sepayipi, esinciphisa noma sandise ukuphela kwepayipi kububanzi obufunayo.Amathuluzi azungezisayo ayachaphazela noma aphume epayipini ukuze kuqinisekiswe indawo engenayo i-burr kanye nesiphetho esingaguquki.Amanye amathuluzi azungezisayo enza inqubo yokugingqika ukuze akhe ama-grooves, notches namanye amajiometri (bona Umfanekiso 1).
Ukulandelana kokugcina kokubumba kungaqala nge-chamfering, ehlinzeka ngendawo ehlanzekile kanye nobude obungaguquki bokuphuma phakathi kwe-clamp kanye nokuphela kwepayipi.I-punching die bese yenza inqubo yokucwilisa (bheka uMdwebo 2) ngokunweba kanye nokufinyeza ipayipi, okubangela ukuthi impahla eyengeziwe yakhe indandatho ezungeze ububanzi obungaphandle (OD).Kuye ngejiyomethri, ezinye izingqimba zokunyathela zingase zifake ama-barbs eduze kobubanzi obungaphandle beshubhu (lokhu kusiza ukuvikela ipayipi epayipini).Ithuluzi elijikelezayo linganqamula ingxenye yobubanzi obungaphandle, bese kuba ithuluzi elisika intambo phezulu.
Ukulandelana okuqondile kwamathuluzi nezinqubo ezisetshenzisiwe kuncike ekusetshenzisweni.Njengoba kuneziteshi eziyisishiyagalombili endaweni yokusebenza yangaphambili, ukulandelana kungaba kubanzi kakhulu.Isibonelo, uchungechunge lwemivimbo kancane kancane lwakha i-ridge ekugcineni kwe-tube, i-stroke eyodwa ikhulisa ukuphela kweshubhu, bese imivimbo emibili icindezela ekugcineni ukuze yakhe i-ridge.Ukwenza umsebenzi ngezigaba ezintathu ezimweni eziningi kukuvumela ukuthi uthole ubuhlalu bekhwalithi ephezulu, futhi uhlelo lokumisa ukuphela kwezikhundla eziningi lenza lokhu kusebenza okulandelanayo kwenzeke.
Uhlelo lokugcina lokubumba lulandelanisa imisebenzi ngokunemba okuphelele nokuphindaphinda.Imishini yakamuva kagesi wonke ingalawula ngokunembile indawo yokufa kwayo.Kodwa ngaphandle kwe-chamfering kanye ne-threading, izinyathelo eziningi zemishini yobuso ziyakha.Ukuthi amafomu ensimbi ancike kanjani ohlotsheni nasezingeni lempahla.
Cabangela inqubo yobuhlalu futhi (bheka uMdwebo 3).Njengonqenqema oluvaliwe eshidini lensimbi, umphetho ovaliwe awunazo izikhala lapho wenza iziphetho.Lokhu kuvumela isibhakela ukuba silolonge ubuhlalu endaweni eqondile.Eqinisweni, i-punch "ibhoboza" ubuhlalu bomumo othile.Kuthiwani ngobuhlalu obuvulekile obufana nomphetho wensimbi oveziwe?Igebe eliphakathi kobuhlalu lingadala izinkinga zokuphindaphindeka kwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza - okungenani uma wenziwe ngendlela efanayo nobuhlalu obuvaliwe.Izibhakela ezifayo zingakha ubuhlalu obuvulekile, kodwa njengoba kungekho lutho olusekela ubuhlalu kusukela kububanzi obungaphakathi (ID) bepayipi, ubuhlalu obubodwa bungase bube nejiyomethri ehluke kancane kunolandelayo, lo mehluko ekubekezeleni ungase wamukeleke noma ungamukeleki.
Ezimweni eziningi, ozimele bokugcina beziteshi eziningi bangathatha indlela ehlukile.I-punch punch iqala yandisa ububanzi bangaphakathi bepayipi, idale ukungenalutho okufana negagasi endabeni.Ithuluzi lokwenza isiphetho samarola amathathu elidizayinelwe ngesimo sobuhlalu obunegethivu obufunwayo libe seliboshelwa kububanzi obungaphandle bepayipi bese bugoqwa ubuhlalu.
Iziphetho zokunemba zingakha izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zomumo, okuhlanganisa ne-asymmetrical.Kodwa-ke, ukubumba kokuphela kunemikhawulo yayo, iningi layo elihlobene nokubunjwa kwezinto.Izinto zokwakha zingamelana kuphela nephesenti elithile lokuguquguquka.
Ukwelashwa kokushisa kwe-punch surface kuncike ohlotsheni lwezinto lapho isakhiwo senziwe khona.Ukuklama kwabo kanye nokuphathwa kwendawo kubheka amazinga ahlukahlukene okungqubuzana kanye neminye imingcele yokwakha yokugcina encike ezintweni.Amapuntshi aklanyelwe ukucubungula iziphetho zamapayipi ensimbi anezici ezihlukile kunezingqimba eziklanyelwe ukucubungula iziphetho zamapayipi e-aluminium.
Izinto ezihlukene nazo zidinga izinhlobo ezahlukene zokugcoba.Ukuze uthole izinto eziqinile njengensimbi engagqwali, amafutha amaminerali aminyene angasetshenziswa, futhi ku-aluminium noma ithusi, kungasetshenziswa uwoyela ongenabuthi.Izindlela zokugcoba nazo ziyahlukahluka.Izinqubo zokusika nokugingqika ngokujwayelekile zisebenzisa inkungu kawoyela, kuyilapho ukugxiviza kungase kusebenzise izithambisi ze-jet noma zenkungu kawoyela.Kwezinye izingqimba, uwoyela ugeleza ngokuqondile ukusuka ku-punch ukuya kububanzi obungaphakathi bepayipi.
Iziphetho ezinezikhundla eziningi zinamazinga ahlukene okubhoboza namandla okubamba.Ezinye izinto ziyalingana, insimbi engagqwali eqinile izodinga amandla amaningi okugoqa nokushaya kune-aluminium ethambile.
Uma ubheka eduze kokwakhiwa kokuphela kweshubhu, ungabona ukuthi umshini ulithuthukisa kanjani ishubhu ngaphambi kokuba ama-clamps alibambe endaweni yawo.Ukugcina i-overhang eqhubekayo, okungukuthi, ubude bensimbi obudlulela ngale kwe-fixture, kubalulekile.Kumapayipi aqondile angathuthelwa ezitobhini ezithile, ukugcina lo mphetho akunzima.
Isimo siyashintsha lapho ubhekene nepayipi eligobile ngaphambili (bheka umdwebo 4).Inqubo yokugoba ingalula ipayipi kancane, okungeza okunye ukuguquguquka kwe-dimensional.Kulezi zilungiselelo, amathuluzi okusika i-orbital nabhekene nawo asika futhi ahlanze isiphetho sepayipi ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ilapho okufanele ibe khona, njengoba kuhleliwe.
Umbuzo uphakama ukuthi kungani, ngemva kokugoba, kutholakala ithubhu?Ihlobene namathuluzi nemisebenzi.Ezimweni eziningi, ithempulethi yokugcina ibekwe eduze kakhulu nokugoba ngokwayo kangangokuthi azikho izingxenye eziqondile ezisele zethuluzi lokubopha lokucindezela ukuze lithathe ngesikhathi somjikelezo wokugoba.Kulezi zimo, kulula kakhulu ukugoba ipayipi futhi uyidlulisele ekugcineni kokwakhiwa, lapho ibanjwe khona ngama-clamps ahambisana ne-bend radius.Ukusuka lapho, umenzi wokugcina usika izinto ezidingekayo, bese udala ijometri yomumo wokugcina oyifunayo (futhi, eduze kakhulu nokugoba ekugcineni).
Kwezinye izimo, ukubumba isiphetho ngaphambi kokugoba kungenza kube nzima inqubo yomdwebo ojikelezayo, ikakhulukazi uma ukuma kokuphela kuphazamisa ithuluzi lokugoba.Isibonelo, ukugoqa ipayipi lokugoba kungahlanekezela ukuma kokuphela okwenziwe ngaphambilini.Ukudala izilungiselelo zokugoba ezingalimazi ijiyomethri yomumo wokugcina kugcina kuba yinkinga kakhulu kunalokho okufanele.Kulezi zimo, kulula futhi kushibhile ukulungisa kabusha ipayipi ngemva kokugoba.
Amaseli okugcina amapayipi angabandakanya ezinye izinqubo eziningi zokukhiqiza amapayipi (bheka Umfanekiso 5).Amanye amasistimu asebenzisa kokubili ukugoba nokwakheka kokugcina, okuyinhlanganisela evamile uma kubhekwa ukuthi lezi zinqubo ezimbili zihlobene eduze kangakanani.Eminye imisebenzi iqala ngokwakha isiphetho sepayipi eliqondile, bese iqhubekela phambili ngokugoba ngokudonsa okujikelezayo ukuze yakhe i-radii, bese ibuyela ekugcineni komshini wokwenza umshini womshini omunye umkhawulo wepayipi.
Ilayisi.2. Lawa ma-roll rolls enziwa onqenqemeni lweziteshi eziningi, lapho isibhakela esihlabayo sinweba ububanzi bangaphakathi bese omunye ucindezela okokusebenza ukuze kwakhe ubuhlalu.
Kulokhu, ukulandelana kulawula ukuguquguquka kwenqubo.Isibonelo, njengoba umsebenzi wokwakha umkhawulo wesibili wenziwa ngemva kokugoba, ukusika kukajantshi kanye nokuqeda imisebenzi yokunquma emshinini wokwenza isiphetho kunikeza ukunqwabelana okungapheli kanye nekhwalithi yomumo wokuphela engcono.Lapho i-homogeneous impahla, inqubo yokugcina yokubumba izokhiqiza ngokwengeziwe.
Kungakhathalekile ukuthi iyiphi inhlanganisela yezinqubo ezisetshenziswa kuseli elizenzakalelayo—noma ngabe liyagoba futhi lilolonge iziphetho, noma ukusetha okuqala ngokusonta ipayipi—indlela ipayipi elidlula ngayo ezigabeni ezihlukahlukene kuncike ezimfuneko zohlelo lokusebenza.Kwamanye amasistimu, ipayipi inikezwa ngokuqondile kusukela ku-roll ngokusebenzisa uhlelo lokuqondisa ku-grips of the bender rotary.Lawa ma-clamp abamba ipayipi ngenkathi isistimu yokwakha isiphetho ihanjiswa endaweni.Ngokushesha nje lapho isimiso sokugcina sokwakha siqeda umjikelezo waso, umshini wokugoba ojikelezayo uyaqala.Ngemuva kokugoba, ithuluzi lisika i-workpiece eqediwe.Isistimu ingaklanywa ukuthi isebenze ngamadayimitha ahlukene, kusetshenziswa ukubhoboza okukhethekile okufayo ekugcineni amathuluzi angaphambili nanqwabelene esandleni sobunxele nakuma-rotary bender esandleni sokudla.
Kodwa-ke, uma uhlelo lokugoba ludinga ukusetshenziswa kwesigxobo sebhola kububanzi obungaphakathi bepayipi, ukulungiselelwa ngeke kusebenze ngoba ipayipi elifakwe ohlelweni lokugoba livela ngokuqondile ku-spool.Leli lungiselelo alifanelekile futhi kumapayipi lapho isimo sidingeka kuzo zombili iziphetho.
Kulezi zimo, idivayisi ehilela inhlanganisela ethile yokudluliswa kwemishini namarobhothi ingase yanele.Isibonelo, ipayipi lingasuswa, libekwe phansi, lisikwe, bese irobhothi lizobeka ucezu olusikiwe ku-bender ejikelezayo, lapho ama-mandrel ebhola angafakwa khona ukuvimbela ukuguqulwa kodonga lwamapayipi ngesikhathi sokugoba.Ukusuka lapho, irobhothi lingakwazi ukuhambisa ishubhu eligobile liye ku-shape yokugcina.Yebo, ukuhleleka kokusebenza kungashintsha kuye ngezidingo zomsebenzi.
Izinhlelo ezinjalo zingasetshenziselwa ukukhiqizwa kwevolumu ephezulu noma ukucubungula okuncane, isibonelo, izingxenye ezi-5 zomumo owodwa, izingxenye eziyi-10 zomunye umumo, kanye nezingxenye ezingama-200 zomunye umumo.Ukwakhiwa komshini kungabuye kuhluke kuye ngokulandelana kwemisebenzi, ikakhulukazi uma kuziwa ekumiseni izinto zokubeka nokuhlinzeka ngokuvunyelwa okudingekayo kwezingxenye zokusebenza ezihlukahlukene (bheka u-Fig. 6).Isibonelo, iziqeshana ezikhwezwayo kuphrofayela yokugcina ezamukela indololwane kufanele zibe nokukhululeka okwanele ukuze kubambe indololwane endaweni ngaso sonke isikhathi.
I-oda elilungile livumela imisebenzi ehambisanayo.Isibonelo, irobhothi lingase libeke ipayipi endaweni yangaphambili, bese kuthi lapho elokuqala lihamba ngebhayisikili, irobhothi lingase lifake elinye ishubhu libe yi-rotary bender.
Kuzinhlelo ezisanda kufakwa, abahleli bazofaka izifanekiso zephothifoliyo yomsebenzi.Ekubumbeni kokuphela, lokhu kungase kuhlanganise imininingwane efana nenani lokuphakelayo le-punch stroke, indawo ephakathi phakathi kwe-punch ne-nip, noma inombolo yokuguquguquka komsebenzi wokugoqa.Kodwa-ke, uma lezi zifanekiso sezisendaweni, ukuhlela kuyashesha futhi kulula, ngomhleli olungisa ukulandelana futhi aqale abeke amapharamitha ukuze afanele uhlelo lokusebenza lwamanje.
Amasistimu anjalo aphinde alungiselwe ukuxhuma endaweni ye-Industrial 4.0 ngamathuluzi okulungisa abikezelayo akala izinga lokushisa lenjini nolunye ulwazi, kanye nokuqapha imishini (isibonelo, inani lezingxenye ezikhiqizwa esikhathini esithile).
Emkhathizwe, ukusakaza ekugcineni kuzovumelana nezimo.Nalapha futhi, inqubo inomkhawulo ngokwephesenti lobunzima.Kodwa-ke, akukho lutho oluvimba onjiniyela bokudala ukuthi bathuthukise amadivaysi ahlukile wokubumba isiphetho.Kweminye imisebenzi, i-punching die ifakwa kububanzi obungaphakathi bepayipi futhi iphoqa ipayipi ukuthi inwebe ibe yimigodi ngaphakathi kwe-clamp ngokwayo.Amanye amathuluzi adala umumo wokugcina onweba amadigri angu-45, okuholela ekubunjweni kwe-asymmetrical.
Isisekelo sakho konke lokhu ngamakhono omshicileli wokugcina wezikhundla eziningi.Lapho imisebenzi ingenziwa “ngesinyathelo esisodwa”, kunamathuba ahlukahlukene okwakheka kokugcina.
I-FABRICATOR ingumagazini ohamba phambili eNyakatho Melika wokwenziwa kwensimbi nokwakha.Umagazini ushicilela izindaba, izindatshana zobuchwepheshe kanye nezindaba zempumelelo ezenza abakhiqizi bakwazi ukwenza umsebenzi wabo ngempumelelo.U-FABRICATOR ubekulo mkhakha kusukela ngo-1970.
Ukufinyelela okugcwele kwedijithali ku-FABRICATOR manje kuyatholakala, okuhlinzeka ngokufinyelela okulula kwezinsiza ezibalulekile zemboni.
Ukufinyelela okugcwele kwedijithali ku-The Tube & Pipe Journal manje kuyatholakala, okuhlinzeka ngokufinyelela kalula kuzinsiza ezibalulekile zemboni.
Jabulela ukufinyelela okudijithali okugcwele ku-STAMPING Journal, ijenali yemakethe yezitembu zensimbi enentuthuko yakamuva yezobuchwepheshe, imikhuba engcono kakhulu nezindaba zemboni.
Ukufinyelela okugcwele kuhlelo lwedijithali lwe-The Fabricator en Español manje sekuyatholakala, okuhlinzeka ngokufinyelela okulula kuzinsiza ezibalulekile zemboni.
Ingxenye 2 yochungechunge lwethu lwezingxenye ezimbili noRay Ripple, umdwebi wensimbi waseTexan kanye nomshiseli, uyaqhubeka ...
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jan-08-2023