Izimo eziningi zingaholela ekuhlulekeni okungazelelwe nokungalindelekile komkhumbi wokucindezela we-boiler, ngokuvamile okudinga ukudilizwa okuphelele nokushintshwa kwe-boiler.Lezi zimo zingagwenywa uma izinqubo zokuvimbela kanye nezinhlelo zikhona futhi zilandelwa ngokuqinile.Nokho, lokhu akunjalo ngaso sonke isikhathi.
Konke ukwehluleka kwebhayela okuxoxwe ngakho lapha kuhilela ukwehluleka komkhumbi ocindezelayo/i-boiler heat exchanger (la magama avame ukusetshenziswa ngokushintshana) noma ngenxa yokugqwala kwempahla yomkhumbi noma ukwehluleka komshini ngenxa yokucindezeleka okushisayo okuholela ekuqhekekeni noma ukuhlukaniswa kwezingxenye.Ngokuvamile azikho izimpawu eziphawulekayo ngesikhathi sokusebenza okuvamile.Ukwehluleka kungathatha iminyaka, noma kungenzeka ngokushesha ngenxa yezinguquko ezisheshayo ezimweni.Ukuhlola ukunakekelwa okuvamile kuyisihluthulelo sokuvimbela izimanga ezingajabulisi.Ukwehluleka komshini wokushisa ngokuvamile kudinga ukushintshwa kwayo yonke iyunithi, kodwa kuma-boilers amancane namasha, ukulungiswa noma ukushintshwa komkhumbi wokucindezela nje kungase kube inketho enengqondo.
1. Ukugqwala okukhulu ohlangothini lwamanzi: Izinga eliphansi lamanzi okuphakelayo okuqala lizoholela ekugqwaleni okuthile, kodwa ukulawulwa okungalungile nokulungiswa kokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali kungaholela ekungalinganini okubi kakhulu kwe-pH okungalimaza ngokushesha ibhayela.Impahla yomkhumbi wokucindezela izohlakazeka ngempela futhi umonakalo uzoba mkhulu - ukulungiswa ngokuvamile akunakwenzeka.Ikhwalithi yamanzi/uchwepheshe wokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali oqonda izimo zamanzi endawo futhi ongasiza ngezinyathelo zokuvimbela kufanele athintwe.Kumelwe bacabangele ama-nuances amaningi, njengoba izici zokuklama zokushintshanisa ukushisa zikhomba ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali okuhlukile koketshezi.Insimbi evamile yokusansimbi nemikhumbi yensimbi emnyama idinga ukuphatha okuhlukile kunethusi, insimbi engagqwali noma izishintshi zokushisa ze-aluminium.Ama-boilers amashubhu omlilo anamandla aphezulu aphathwa ngendlela ehlukile kunama-boilers amancane amanzi.Ama-boilers e-steam ngokuvamile adinga ukunakwa okukhethekile ngenxa yamazinga okushisa aphezulu kanye nesidingo esikhulu samanzi okwenza.Abakhiqizi bamabhoyili kufanele banikeze imininingwane echaza ngemingcele yekhwalithi yamanzi edingekayo kumkhiqizo wabo, okuhlanganisa ukuhlanzwa okwamukelekayo kanye namakhemikhali okwelapha.Lolu lwazi ngezinye izikhathi kunzima ukuluthola, kodwa njengoba ikhwalithi yamanzi eyamukelekayo ihlale iyindaba yesiqinisekiso, abaklami nabanakekeli kufanele bacele lolu lwazi ngaphambi kokufaka i-oda lokuthenga.Onjiniyela kufanele bahlole imininingwane yazo zonke ezinye izingxenye zesistimu, okuhlanganisa nephampu namavalvu seal, ukuze baqinisekise ukuthi ziyahambisana namakhemikhali ahlongozwayo.Ngaphansi kokuqondisa kochwepheshe, isistimu kufanele ihlanzwe, ifakwe emanzini futhi idluliswe ngaphambi kokugcwaliswa kokugcina kwesistimu.Uketshezi lokugcwalisa kufanele luhlolwe bese luphathwa ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nemibandela yokubhayela.Izisefo nezihlungi kufanele zikhishwe, zihlolwe futhi zibhalwe usuku okufanele zihlanzwe.Kufanele kube nohlelo lokuqapha nokuqondisa izigwegwe, olunabasebenzi bokunakekela abaqeqeshwe ngezinqubo ezifanele bese begadwa ochwepheshe bezinqubo kuze kube banelisekile ngemiphumela.Kunconywa ukuqasha uchwepheshe wokucubungula amakhemikhali ukuze ahlaziye uketshezi oluqhubekayo kanye nokufaneleka kwenqubo.
Ama-boilers aklanyelwe amasistimu avaliwe futhi, uma ephathwa kahle, ukukhokhiswa kokuqala kungathatha unomphela.Kodwa-ke, ukuvuza kwamanzi okungabonakali nesitimu kungabangela amanzi angalashiwe ukuthi aqhubeke engena ezinhlelweni ezivaliwe, kuvumele umoya-mpilo kanye namaminerali ancibilikisiwe ukuthi kungene ohlelweni, futhi kuncibilikise amakhemikhali okwelapha, kuwenze angasebenzi.Ukufaka amamitha amanzi emigqeni yokugcwalisa yama-boilers kamasipala acindezelwe noma wezinhlelo zemithombo kuyisu elilula lokuthola ukuvuza okuncane.Enye inketho ukufaka amathangi okuhambisa amakhemikhali/i-glycol lapho ukugcwaliswa kwe-boiler kuhlukanisiwe nesistimu yamanzi aphuzwayo.Zombili izilungiselelo zingagadwa ngokubukeka izisebenzi zesevisi noma zixhunywe ku-BAS ukuze kutholwe ngokuzenzakalelayo ukuvuza koketshezi.Ukuhlaziywa ngezikhathi ezithile koketshezi kufanele futhi kuhlonze izinkinga futhi kunikeze ulwazi oludingekayo ukulungisa amazinga ekhemistri.
2. Ukungcola/ukubalwa kanzima ohlangothini lwamanzi: Ukwethulwa okuqhubekayo kwamanzi okwakheka amasha ngenxa yokuvuza kwamanzi noma isitimu kungase kuholele ekwakhekeni kwesikali esiqinile sezingxenyeni zokushintsha ukushisa ohlangothini lwamanzi, okuzobangela insimbi ye-insulating layer ukuze ishise ngokweqile, okuholela ekuqhekekeni ngaphansi kwe-voltage.Eminye imithombo yamanzi ingase ibe namaminerali anele ancibilikisiwe kangangokuthi ngisho nokugcwaliswa kokuqala kohlelo lwenqwaba kungabangela ukunqwabelana kwamaminerali kanye nokwehluleka kwendawo eshisayo yokushisisa ukushisa.Ukwengeza, ukwehluleka ukuhlanza kahle nokukhipha amasistimu amasha nakhona kakade, kanye nokwehluleka ukuhlunga okuqinile emanzini okugcwalisa kungabangela ukungcoliswa kwamakhoyili kanye nokungcola.Ngokuvamile (kodwa hhayi njalo) lezi zimo zenza i-boiler ibe nomsindo ngesikhathi sokusebenza kokushisa, ixwayisa abasebenzi abalungisa inkinga.Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi uma ukubalwa kwendawo yangaphakathi kutholwa kusenesikhathi, uhlelo lokuhlanza lungenziwa ukuze kubuyiselwe isishintshi sokushisa sibe seduze kwesimo esisha.Wonke amaphuzu asephuzwini eledlule mayelana nokuxoxisana nochwepheshe bekhwalithi yamanzi kwasekuqaleni akuvimbele ngempumelelo lezi zinkinga ukuthi zenzeke.
3. Ukugqwala okukhulu ohlangothini lokuthungela: I-condensate ene-asidi evela kunoma isiphi isibaseli izokwakheka ezindaweni ezishintsha ukushisa lapho izinga lokushisa elingaphezulu lingaphansi kwendawo yamazolo kaphethiloli othile.Amabhola adizayinelwe ukusebenza ngokujiya asebenzisa izinto ezimelana ne-asidi njengensimbi engagqwali ne-aluminium kuma-exchange exchanges futhi aklanyelwe ukukhipha i-condensate.Ama-boilers angakhelwanga ukusebenza ngokujiya adinga amagesi aphehlwayo ukuba ahlale ngaphezu kwendawo yamazolo, ngakho ukujiya ngeke kukheke nhlobo noma kuzohwamuka ngokushesha ngemva kwesikhathi esifushane sokufudumala.Ama-boilers we-steam awavikelekile kakhulu kule nkinga njengoba evame ukusebenza emazingeni okushisa angaphezu kwamazolo.Ukwethulwa kwezilawuli zokukhiphela ngaphandle ezizwelana nesimo sezulu, ukuhamba ngebhayisikili okunezinga lokushisa eliphansi, namasu okuvalwa ngesikhathi sasebusuku kube nomthelela ekwakhiweni kwamabhayela abamba amanzi afudumele.Ngeshwa, o-opharetha abangayiqondi imithelela yokwengeza lezi zici ohlelweni olukhona lwezinga lokushisa eliphezulu babulala amabhoyela amaningi ajwayelekile ashisayo ekuhlulekeni kwangaphambi kwesikhathi - isifundo esitholiwe.Abathuthukisi basebenzisa amadivaysi afana nama-valve okuxuba kanye namaphampu ahlukanisayo kanye namasu okulawula ukuvikela ama-boilers okushisa okuphezulu ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwesistimu yokushisa okuphansi.Kufanele kuqikelelwe ukuthi lezi zinsimbi zisebenza kahle nokuthi izilawuli zilungiswa ngendlela efanele ukuze kuvinjelwe ukujiya kwebhayela.Lona umthwalo wemfanelo wokuqala womklami kanye ne-ejenti ethumayo, okulandelwa uhlelo lokulungisa oluvamile.Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi imikhawulo yokushisa ephansi kanye nama-alamu avame ukusetshenziswa nempahla yokuzivikela njengomshuwalense.Ama-opharetha kufanele aqeqeshwe ngendlela yokugwema amaphutha ekulungiseni uhlelo lokulawula olungase lucuphe lezi zisetshenziswa zokuphepha.
Isishintshi sokushisa esibi sebhokisi lomlilo singaholela ekulimaleni okulimazayo.Izinto ezingcolisayo zivela emithonjeni emibili kuphela: uphethiloli noma umoya ovuthayo.Ukungcoliswa kukaphethiloli okungaba khona, ikakhulukazi uwoyela kaphethiloli kanye ne-LPG, kufanele kuphenywe, nakuba ukunikezwa kwegesi kuye kwathinteka ngezikhathi ezithile.Uphethiloli "omubi" uqukethe isulfure nezinye izinto ezingcolisayo ezingaphezu kwezinga elamukelekile.Izindinganiso zanamuhla zenzelwe ukuqinisekisa ukuhlanzeka kokunikezwa kukaphethiloli, kodwa uphethiloli osezingeni eliphansi usengakwazi ukungena ekamelweni lokubhayela.Uphethiloli ngokwawo kunzima ukuwulawula nokuyihlaziya, kodwa ukuhlola njalo umlilo wekamu kungaveza izinkinga ngokufaka ukungcola ngaphambi kokuba kwenzeke umonakalo omkhulu.Lokhu kungcola kungase kube ne-asidi kakhulu futhi kufanele kuhlanzwe futhi kukhishwe kumshini wokushisa ngokushesha uma kutholwa.Izikhawu zokuhlola eziqhubekayo kufanele zisungulwe.Kufanele kukhulunywe nomphakeli wamafutha.
Ukungcoliswa komoya ovuthayo kuvame kakhulu futhi kungaba nolaka kakhulu.Kunamakhemikhali amaningi asetshenziswa ngokuvamile akha inhlanganisela ene-asidi eqinile uma ehlanganiswa nomoya, uphethiloli, nokushisa okuvela ezinqubweni zokuvutha.Amanye amakhompiyutha adumile afaka umhwamuko ophuma emanzini okuhlanza okomile, opende nezikhiphi zopende, ama-fluorocarbon ahlukahlukene, i-chlorine, nokunye.Ngisho nokukhipha umoya ezintweni ezibonakala zingenabungozi, njengosawoti othambisa amanzi, kungabangela izinkinga.Ukugxila kwalawa makhemikhali akudingeki kube phezulu ukuze kubangele umonakalo, futhi ukuba khona kwawo ngokuvamile akubonakali ngaphandle kwemishini ekhethekile.Abaqhubi bezakhiwo kufanele balwele ukuqeda imithombo yamakhemikhali ngaphakathi naseduze kwegumbi likabhayela, kanye nokungcola okungase kwethulwe emthonjeni wangaphandle womoya ovuthayo.Amakhemikhali okungafanele agcinwe kubhayela, njengezihlanzi zokugcina impahla, kufanele ayiswe kwenye indawo.
4. Ukushaqeka/umthwalo oshisayo: Idizayini, impahla kanye nosayizi webhayela inquma ukuthi i-thermal izwela kangakanani ukushaqeka nomthwalo oshisayo.Ukucindezeleka okushisayo kungachazwa njengokuguquguquka okuqhubekayo kwempahla yomkhumbi wengcindezi ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwegumbi elivuthayo, noma ngenxa yokuhluka kwezinga lokushisa elisebenzayo noma izinguquko ezibanzi zezinga lokushisa ngesikhathi sokuqala noma ukutakula ekumeni.Kuzo zombili izimo, i-boiler ishisa kancane kancane noma iphole, igcine umehluko wokushisa oqhubekayo (i-delta T) phakathi kwemigqa yokuhlinzeka nokubuyisela yomkhumbi wokucindezela.Ibhayela yakhelwe umkhawulo we-delta T futhi akufanele kube khona umonakalo ngesikhathi sokushisisa noma ukupholisa ngaphandle kwalapho leli nani leqiwe.Inani eliphakeme le-Delta T lizokwenza ukuthi impahla yomkhumbi igobe ngaphezu kwemingcele yokuklama futhi ukukhathala kwensimbi kuzoqala ukulimaza impahla.Ukuhlukunyezwa okuqhubekayo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kuzodala ukuqhekeka nokuvuza.Ezinye izinkinga zingase ziphakame ngezingxenye ezivalwe ngama-gaskets, angase aqale ukuvuza noma ahlukane.Umkhiqizi webhayela kufanele abe nencazelo yenani eliphezulu elivumelekile le-Delta T, anikeze umklami ulwazi oludingekayo ukuze aqinisekise ukugeleza koketshezi okwanele ngaso sonke isikhathi.Ama-boilers amakhulu amashubhu omlilo azwela kakhulu ku-delta-T futhi kufanele alawulwe ngokuqinile ukuze avimbele ukwanda okungalingani kanye nokubopha kwegobolondo elicindezelweyo, elingalimaza ama-seal kumashidi amashubhu.Ubunzima besimo buthinta ngokuqondile impilo yomshini wokushisa, kodwa uma opharetha enendlela yokulawula i-Delta T, inkinga ingavame ukulungiswa ngaphambi kokuba kudalwe umonakalo omkhulu.Kungcono ukumisa i-BAS ukuze ikhiphe isexwayiso lapho inani eliphakeme le-Delta T leqiwe.
Ukushaqeka okushisayo kuyinkinga enkulu futhi kungacekela phansi izishintshisi zokushisa ngokushesha.Izindaba eziningi ezibuhlungu zingaxoxwa kusukela osukwini lokuqala lokuthuthukisa uhlelo lokonga amandla ebusuku.Amanye amabhayela agcinwa endaweni yokusebenza eshisayo ngesikhathi sokupholisa kuyilapho ivalvu yokulawula eyinhloko yesistimu ivaliwe ukuze kuphole phansi isakhiwo, zonke izingxenye zamapayipi nama-radiator.Ngesikhathi esimisiwe, i-valve yokulawula iyavuleka, ivumele amanzi okushisa kwegumbi ukuthi abuyele ku-boiler oshisayo kakhulu.Amaningi alawa ma-boilers awazange asinde ekushaqekeni kokuqala okushisayo.Ama-opharetha asheshe abona ukuthi ukuvikela okufanayo okusetshenziselwa ukuvimbela ukufiphala kungavikela nokushaqeka okushisayo uma kulawulwa kahle.Ukushaqeka okushisayo akuhlangene nokushisa kwe-boiler, kwenzeka lapho izinga lokushisa lishintsha ngokuzumayo futhi ngokuzumayo.Amanye ama-boilers abambayo asebenza ngempumelelo ekushiseni okuphezulu, kuyilapho uketshezi lwe-antifreeze luzungeza kwizishintshisi zokushisa.Uma evunyelwe ukushisisa nokupholisa ngokwehlukana kwezinga lokushisa okulawulwayo, lawa mabhayela angahlinzeka ngokuqondile ngezinhlelo zokuncibilika kweqhwa noma izishintshisi zokushisa zechibi lokubhukuda ngaphandle kwemishini yokuxuba emaphakathi futhi ngaphandle kwemiphumela emibi.Kodwa-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthola imvume kumkhiqizi ngamunye we-boiler ngaphambi kokuwasebenzisa ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu.
U-Roy Kollver unesipiliyoni seminyaka engaphezu kwengama-40 embonini ye-HVAC.Ugxile kakhulu kugesi ophehlwa ngamanzi, egxile kubuchwepheshe bokubhayela, ukulawula igesi nokuvutha.Ngaphezu kokubhala izindatshana nokufundisa ngezihloko ezihlobene ne-HVAC, usebenza ekuphathweni kwezokwakha ezinkampanini zobunjiniyela.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jan-17-2023